Forage potential of S<sub>3</sub> corn progenies in topcrosses and selection of testers of different genetic bases

The objective of this work was to identify corn (Zea mays) genotypes with forage potential and to evaluate the efficiency of testers to discriminate forage traits in topcrosses, considering the contribution of additive and nonadditive genes. The experiment was carried out in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty S₃ corn progenies were evaluated in topcrosses with the AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1, and 70.H26.1 testers. The following traits were assessed: forage dry mass yield, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and forage dry mass degradability. Progenies 205.2, 159.6, and 199.2, in this order, presented the best performance for forage potential. Testers 60.H23.1 and 70.H26.1 better expressed the genetic variability between progenies. For all traits in both crop seasons, there is a predominance of the action of genes of nonadditive effects.

Index terms:
Zea mays; additive effects; nonadditive effects; partial diallel

Authorship

Jocimar Costa Rosa ^**Corresponding author: joce_jcosta@hotmail.com

Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Agronomia, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, no 03, Vila Carli, CEP 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil. E-mail: joce_jcosta@hotmail.com, mfaria@unicentro.br, luizzaluski@hotmail.com, emanuel_gava2@hotmail.com, pedrohw andreoli@gmail.com, vsagae@gmail.comUniversidade Estadual do Centro-OesteBrazilGuarapuava, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Agronomia, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, no 03, Vila Carli, CEP 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil. E-mail: joce_jcosta@hotmail.com, mfaria@unicentro.br, luizzaluski@hotmail.com, emanuel_gava2@hotmail.com, pedrohw andreoli@gmail.com, vsagae@gmail.com

Marcos Ventura Faria

Welton Luiz Zaluski

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-4160

Emanuel Gava

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-973X

Pedro Henrique Willemann Andreoli

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-3966

Vitor Seiti Sagae

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-7576

*Corresponding author: joce_jcosta@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1.
Dry mass averages used to calculate the evaluated corn (Zea mays) forage traits.

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Figure 2.
Averages of the S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies for dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD), evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons. The horizontal lines indicate general averages.

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Figure 3
Averages of the general combining ability (GCA) of the tester for the traits forage dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD) of corn (Zea mays) evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons.

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Figure 4
Estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of the S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies for dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD), evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons. The vertical lines indicate 1.5 times the standard deviation of the GCA.

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Figure 5
Dispersion of the estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of corn (Zea mays) progenies (Gi) and of the specific combining ability (SCA) of the respective progenies with testers (Sij) in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, for the traits dry mass yield (DMY) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The vertical and horizontal axes pass through the values of 1.5 times the standard deviation for GCA and SCA, respectively.

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Figure 6
Dispersion of the estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of corn (Zea mays) progenies (Gi) and of the specific combining ability (SCA) of the respective progenies with testers (Sij) in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, for the traits acid detergent fiber (ADF) and dry mass degradability (DMD). The vertical and horizontal axes pass through the values of 1.5 times the standard deviation for GCA and SCA, respectively.

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Table 1.
Estimates of the components of variance and the genetic parameters of corn (Zea mays) forage quality evaluated in trials with topcross hybrids obtained with 30 S₃ corn progenies and five testers (AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1, and 70.H26.1).

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Table 2.
Summary of the joint diallel analysis of the cycle conjunction between 30 S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies and five testers evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1. Dry mass averages used to calculate the evaluated corn (Zea mays) forage traits.

Figure 2. Averages of the S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies for dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD), evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons. The horizontal lines indicate general averages.

Figure 3 Averages of the general combining ability (GCA) of the tester for the traits forage dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD) of corn (Zea mays) evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons.

Figure 4 Estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of the S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies for dry mass yield (DMY), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and dry mass degradability (DMD), evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons. The vertical lines indicate 1.5 times the standard deviation of the GCA.

Figure 5 Dispersion of the estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of corn (Zea mays) progenies (Gi) and of the specific combining ability (SCA) of the respective progenies with testers (Sij) in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, for the traits dry mass yield (DMY) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The vertical and horizontal axes pass through the values of 1.5 times the standard deviation for GCA and SCA, respectively.

Figure 6 Dispersion of the estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) of corn (Zea mays) progenies (Gi) and of the specific combining ability (SCA) of the respective progenies with testers (Sij) in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, for the traits acid detergent fiber (ADF) and dry mass degradability (DMD). The vertical and horizontal axes pass through the values of 1.5 times the standard deviation for GCA and SCA, respectively.

Table 1. Estimates of the components of variance and the genetic parameters of corn (Zea mays) forage quality evaluated in trials with topcross hybrids obtained with 30 S₃ corn progenies and five testers (AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1, and 70.H26.1).

Genetic parameter	AG8025	P30B39	MLP102	60.H23.1	70.H26.1
	Dry mass yield
σ²_G	26,822.83	16,252.80	8,154.69	29,463.12	35,028.65
σ²	6,078.39	5,928.65	912.53	6,965.78	8,501.46
h_a²	0.80	0.79	0.58	0.81	0.85
CVg	19.57	16.08	8.95	15.37	15.69
	Neutral detergente fiber
σ²G	2.91	0.87	1.61	1.38	15.13
σ²	8.73	14.10	9.82	9.19	11.67
h_a²	0.25	0.05	0.14	0.13	0.42
CVg	3.13	1.69	2.26	2.10	6.63
	Acid detergente fiber
σ²_G	1.51	0.86	0.35	0.41	6.78
σ²	5.23	8.37	9.04	6.07	5.15
h_a²	0.22	0.09	0.03	0.07	0.56
CVg	4.26	3.10	2.00	2.18	8.71
	Dry mass degradability
σ²_G	18.13	28.12	25.41	32.55	10.53
σ²	14.34	16.15	18.55	13.41	17.44
h_a²	0.55	0.63	0.57	0.71	0.03
CVg	8.35	10.35	10.06	11.61	1.51

⁽¹⁾
σ² _G, genetic variance; σ², residual variance; h_a², broad-sense heritability; and CVg, coefficient of genetic variation.

Table 2. Summary of the joint diallel analysis of the cycle conjunction between 30 S₃ corn (Zea mays) progenies and five testers evaluated in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons⁽¹⁾.

Source of variation		Degree of freedom	Medium square
Source of variation		Degree of freedom	DMY	NDF	ADF	DMD
Genotypes		184	214.41**	61.24*	30.81*	172.07**
	GCA testers	4	689.74	455.23	38.17	411.93*
	GCA progenies	29	140.34	64.20	27.85	167.52**
	SCA	150	152.39	50.44**	31.14*	157.85**
Environments (E)		1	0.8812	0.0756	0.0165	0.0064
Genotypes x environments		184	124.28	46.11	22.16	21.26
	GCA testers x E	4	273.16	247.21	38.32	39.02
	GCA progenies x E	29	98.64	34.70	16.41	10.74
	SCA x E	150	123.22	34.04	22.06	22.86
Error		736	25.68	30.40	18.39	47.49
SSGCA testers (%)			6.99	16.16	2.69	5.2
SSGCA progenies (%)			10.32	16.52	14.25	15.34
SSGCA (%)			17.31	32.68	16.94	20.55
SSSCA (%)			57.94	67.15	82.40	74.79
Group (%)			24.75	0.17	0.66	4.66
Mean			28,653.47	56.35	28.68	49.18

⁽¹⁾
GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability; SSGCA, sum of squares of the general combining ability; SSSCA, sum of squares of the specific combining ability; DMY, forage dry mass yield; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; and DMD, forage dry mass degradability. ** and *Significant by the F-test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively.

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Forage potential of S<sub>3</sub> corn progenies in topcrosses and selection of testers of different genetic bases

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[1] *Corresponding author: joce_jcosta@hotmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Forage potential of S3 corn progenies in topcrosses and selection of testers of different genetic bases

Potencial forrageiro de progênies S3 de milho em topcrosses e seleção de testadores de diferentes bases genéticas

Abstract:

Forage potential of S₃ corn progenies in topcrosses and selection of testers of different genetic bases

Potencial forrageiro de progênies S₃ de milho em topcrosses e seleção de testadores de diferentes bases genéticas