WATER REQUIREMENT ESTIMATE FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD OF MANGO ORCHADS IN THE NORTHEAST OF THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL

The aim of this study was to estimate the water consumption in mango orchard during its phenological stages in the northeastern of the State of Pará, Brazil. For this purpose, it was installed and instrumented a micrometeorological tower in a mango orchard, cv. Tommy Atkins, of 22 years old, with data collected during the crops of 2010/2011 and of 2011/2012. The actual crop evapotranspiration was estimated from the energy balance using the Bowen ratio technique. The crops were subjected to different weather conditions, consequently, some differences in the Bowen ration values were observed. The evapotranspiration suffered influences of meteorological conditions during the period. The actual crop evapotranspiration during its reproductive period ranged between 402.9 and 420 mm with a mean daily water consumption of 3.8 mm at flowering, of 4.25 mm at fruit fall, of 3.56 mm at fruit formation, of 3.0 mm at fruit maturation and of 3.73 mm for the whole period.

Index terms
Mangifera indica L; Tommy Atkins; evapotranspiration; Bowen ratio

Authorship

PAULO JORGE DE OLIVEIRA PONTE DE SOUZA

Prof Dr. Agrometeorologista, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: paulo.jorge@ufra.edu.br.Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilProf Dr. Agrometeorologista, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: paulo.jorge@ufra.edu.br.

JULIANA CHAGAS RODRIGUES

Eng. Agrônoma, Msc. Agronomia, Doutoranda programa de Pós-Graduação em ciências florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: juliana_c_rodrigues@yahoo.com.br Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilEng. Agrônoma, Msc. Agronomia, Doutoranda programa de Pós-Graduação em ciências florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: juliana_c_rodrigues@yahoo.com.br

ADRIANO MARLISOM LEÃO DE SOUSA

Prof. Dr. Hidrometeorologista, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: adriano.souza@ufra.edu.br Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilProf. Dr. Hidrometeorologista, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: adriano.souza@ufra.edu.br

RENATA TRINDADE DE LIMA

Enga Agrônoma, Msc. Agronomia, Fiscal Estadual Agropecuário, Agencia de defesa agropecuária do estado do Pará, Novo Repartimento-PA, Brasil. E-mail: nataagro@yahoo.com.br Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do ParáBrasilNovo Repartimento, PA, Brasil Enga Agrônoma, Msc. Agronomia, Fiscal Estadual Agropecuário, Agencia de defesa agropecuária do estado do Pará, Novo Repartimento-PA, Brasil. E-mail: nataagro@yahoo.com.br

EDSON JOSÉ PAULINO DA ROCHA

Prof Dr. Meteorologista, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: eprocha@ufpa.br Universidade Federal do ParáBrasilBelém, PA, Brasil Prof Dr. Meteorologista, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém-PA, Brasil. E-mail: eprocha@ufpa.br

SAMUEL ORTEGA-FARIAS

PHD Agroclimatologista, Centro de Investigacion y transferência em Riego y agroclimatologia, Universida de Talca, Talca, Chile.E-mail: sortega@utalca.clUniversidad de TalcaChileTalca, Chile PHD Agroclimatologista, Centro de Investigacion y transferência em Riego y agroclimatologia, Universida de Talca, Talca, Chile.E-mail: sortega@utalca.cl

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (4)
Tables (3)
Formulas (4)

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FIGURE 1
Average values of meteorological variables during crop 1 (A, C and E) and 2 (B, D and F). (A and B) Air average temperature (T) and air relative humidity (RH); (C and D) wind speed (WS) and saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD); (E and F) global solar radiation (Rg) and rain (Prp). The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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FIGURE 2
Average values of soil humidity (SH), between 0 and 0.30 m of depth, during crop 1 (A) and 2 (B). The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation. The lines indicate soil humidity (SH) in field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) between 0 and 20 cm depth, due to the normalized thermal time in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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FIGURE 3
Average variability of the Bowen ratio during the day, for crops 1 (A) and 2 (B), due to the normalized thermal time. The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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FIGURE 4
Average variation of the current evapotranspiration of the culture (ETc), during crop 1 (A) and 2(B), due to the normalized thermal time. The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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TABLE 1
List of variables, instruments and levels of the automatic weather station sensors used during the experiment in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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TABLE 2
Depth, grain size, texture class, soil moisture at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP), available water capacity in the soil (AWC) and density of the soil in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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TABLE 3
Current evapotranspiration of the culture (ETc), average and accumulated, during crop 1 and 2, due to the normalized thermal time (NTT) in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, in Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 1 Average values of meteorological variables during crop 1 (A, C and E) and 2 (B, D and F). (A and B) Air average temperature (T) and air relative humidity (RH); (C and D) wind speed (WS) and saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD); (E and F) global solar radiation (Rg) and rain (Prp). The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

FIGURE 2 Average values of soil humidity (SH), between 0 and 0.30 m of depth, during crop 1 (A) and 2 (B). The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation. The lines indicate soil humidity (SH) in field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) between 0 and 20 cm depth, due to the normalized thermal time in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 Average variability of the Bowen ratio during the day, for crops 1 (A) and 2 (B), due to the normalized thermal time. The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

FIGURE 4 Average variation of the current evapotranspiration of the culture (ETc), during crop 1 (A) and 2(B), due to the normalized thermal time. The phenological phases are represented by the letters: (FL) flowering, (FA) fall, (FO) formation and (MA) fruit maturation, in an orchard of mango cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

TABLE 1 List of variables, instruments and levels of the automatic weather station sensors used during the experiment in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

TABLE 2 Depth, grain size, texture class, soil moisture at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP), available water capacity in the soil (AWC) and density of the soil in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

TABLE 3 Current evapotranspiration of the culture (ETc), average and accumulated, during crop 1 and 2, due to the normalized thermal time (NTT) in an orchard of mango, cv. Tommy Atkins, in Salinópolis, Pará, Brazil.

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WATER REQUIREMENT ESTIMATE FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD OF MANGO ORCHADS IN THE NORTHEAST OF THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL

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