Alternatives to increase the red color of the peel in ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples

Fenili, Cristhian Leonardo; Petri, José Luiz; Steffens, Cristiano André; Martin, Mariuccia Schlichting de; Amarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini do; Heinzen, Angélica Schmitz

doi:10.1590/0100-29452019128

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Harvest and post harvest • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 41 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019128 copy

Alternatives to increase the red color of the peel in ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples

Alternativas para incrementar a coloração vermelha da epiderme em maçãs ‘Daiane’ e ‘Venice’

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed evaluate the effect of biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and ethephon on the red color in the peel of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples. The experiments were conducted in Caçador/SC, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. In 2015/2016, the treatments were: Control; Biostimulant I; Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II; Biostimulant II and KCl. In 2016/2017, was included the Ethephon treatment. In 2016/2017, Biostimulant I, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II increased the percentage of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples with greater red peel cover, without affecting the quality and maturity of the fruits. In both cultivars, ethephon was treatment that promoted a higher percentage of apples in the category above 80% of red color. Ethephon increased red color intensity of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples, anthocyanin content, starch index, ethylene production and yellowing of background color of the fruits. The red coloration of ‘Venice’ apple peels is enhanced with ethephon, Biostimulant I and Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Daiane apples with ethephon, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II.

Index terms
Malus domestica; anthocyanin; biostimulants; foliar fertilizer; fruit quality

Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n , 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3209-7188/3209-7609 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbf@fcav.unesp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN0101] ^*
Treatment of ethephon was applied only in 2016/2017 season.

Treatment	Commercial name	Composition (g L^-1)	Fractional dose (ha)
Control	-	-	Untreated
Biostimulant I	Potasium-S King^®	42 of N; 364 of K₂O.	4 L + 4 L + 4 L + 4 L
Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II	Mover^® +	63 of N; 50.4 of B; 2.14 of Cu; 0.18 of Mo; 37.8 of Zn.	3 L + 3 L + 3 L + 3 L
Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II	Hold^®	33.2 of N; 64 of P₂O₅; 12.8 of S; 25.6 of Co; 38.4 of Mo.	2 L + 2 L + 2 L + 2 L
Biostimulant II	Sunred^®	26.6 of N; 93.1 of K₂O; 186.2 of organic C; methionine; phenylalanine; oxylipines; monosaccharides.	4 L + 4 L + 4 L + 4 L
KCl	-	-	20 kg + 20 kg + 20 kg + 20 kg
Ethephon*	Ethrel^®	240 de etefon.	480 g

Treatment	Red coloring on the fruit peel (%)
	>50%	>80%	>50%	>80%
	Daiane		Venice
	2015/2016
Control	95.1^ns	79.6 b	99.3^ns	87.3^ns
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	99.6	97.3 a	99.7	91.7
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	99.3	91.5 a	97.4	85.7
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	99.5	94.8 a	100.0	90.0
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	96.1	82.0 b	98.3	90.8
CV (%)	8.2	16.0	6.1	12.0
	2016/2017
Control	71.8 b	25.5 c	82.6 b	31.1 c
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	69.4 b	25.8 c	91.1 a	48.5 b
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	89.6 a	41.6 b	86.4 b	40.7 b
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	87.5 a	43.3 b	82.3 b	29.2 c
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	73.2 b	19.8 c	86.5 b	36.6 c
Ethephon (480 g ha^-1)	93.4 a	66.6 a	95.1 a	67.8 a
CV (%)	16.0	26.0	9.4	10.7

Treatment	Lightness (L*)		Chroma (C*)		Tonality (h°)
Treatment	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice
	Red
Control	50.3 a	40.4 a	36.1 b	42.8 a	41.7 a	28.2 a
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	47.1 b	38.8 a	40.5 a	43.0 a	32.4 b	26.9 a
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	46.5 b	39.9 a	41.1 a	42.9 a	31.8 b	27.4 a
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	42.5 c	39.8 a	40.5 a	41.7 a	29.0 c	27.4 a
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	46.3 b	39.4 a	40.3 a	42.5 a	33.2 b	28.0 a
Ethephon (480 g ha^-1)	39.4 d	37.5 b	40.3 a	39.7 b	26.6 c	25.0 b
CV (%)	4.2	3.2	4.3	3.9	9.0	4.7
	Background color (yellow)
Control	75.4^ns	74.2^ns	37.3^ns	36.7 b	105.0 a	96.6 a
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	73.3	75.2	33.9	36.1 b	100.5 b	94.0 a
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	75.5	74.0	34.6	37.1 b	99.3 b	97.0 a
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	75.5	74.0	35.1	36.0 b	102.5 a	95.3 a
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	76.2	73.9	36.6	36.1 b	105.1 a	94.7 a
Ethephon (480 g ha^-1)	75.3	72.4	33.0	42.4 a	94.3 c	84.9 b
CV (%)	4.3	2.4	7.5	4.0	3.8	4.4

Tratamento	SI (1-10)		FP (N)		SS (ºBrix)
	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice
Control	5.8^ns	6.1^ns	68.1^ns	84.4^ns	13.8 b	14.5^ns
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	6.8	5.2	65.0	78.2	15.0 a	14.2
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	6.0	6.2	66.3	81.8	14.3 b	14.8
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	6.7	6.4	63.6	79.1	14.9 a	14.5
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	6.1	5.1	69.9	84.4	13.8 b	14.3
CV (%)	15.7	26.7	8.3	4.9	2.6	2.2

Tratamento	SI (1-5)		PF (N)		SS (°Brix)		TA (%)
	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice	Daiane	Venice
Control	4.0 b	4.1 b	80.7^ns	84.4^ns	12.4 b	12.9^ns	0.31 a	0.36^ns
Biostimulant I (4 L ha^-1)*	4.0 b	4.1 b	77.3	80.2	12.7 b	12.5	0.30 a	0.32
Foliar fertilizer I (3 L ha^-1)* + Foliar fertilizer II (2 L ha^-1)*	4.0 b	3.9 b	80.2	85.2	13.0 a	12.9	0.28 b	0.34
Biostimulant II (4 L ha^-1)*	3.6 c	3.8 b	77.6	88.3	12.6 b	13.1	0.28 b	0.35
KCl (20 kg ha^-1)*	4.0 b	4.2 b	81.7	83.5	12.2 b	13.0	0.33 a	0.35
Ethephon (480 g ha^-1)	4.5 a	4.6 a	78.1	84.7	13.4 a	13.6	0.25 b	0.35
CV (%)	7.0	6.0	4.1	6.4	3.1	4.5	10.2	9.8