Viticultural performance of Cabernet Sauvignon clones in highland region of southern Brazil

Marcon Filho, José Luiz; Rufato, Leo; Bogo, Amauri; Macedo, Tiago Afonso De; Würz, Douglas André; Kretzschmar, Aike Anneliese

doi:10.1590/0100-29452019483

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Crop Production • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 41 (5) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019483 copy

Viticultural performance of Cabernet Sauvignon clones in highland region of southern Brazil

Desempenho vitícola de clones de Cabernet Sauvignon em região de altitude do sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) cultivar is one of the most widely planted wine grapes in Brazil. The final grape quality depends on the clone type, rootstock, and the terroir. This study aims to assess and characterize the effects of seven combinations of CS clones grafted onto two rootstocks on the physical–chemical parameters and productivity of the grapes in the highland of southern Brazil, during the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a 14-year-old commercial vineyard, located in São Joaquim municipality, Santa Catarina State, trained on a vertical shoot position system on a double cordon with spur pruning. The treatments consisted in a completely randomized experimental block of the combination (clone/rootstock) of CS 169, 337, 341, and R5 clones grafted onto the Paulsen 1103 (P1103) rootstock, and 169, 170, and 339 clones grafted onto the Courdec 3309 (C3309) rootstock. There were significant differences among the combinations of CS grapes on productivity, physical, and chemical parameters and grape maturation. The data of principal component analysis showed that 339/C3309 and 337/P1103 combinations were the most productive, whereas the R5/P1103, 170/C3309, and 169/C3309 combinations were the best for potential winemaking under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the highlands of southern Brazil in all growing seasons evaluated.

Index terms
Vitis vinifera; clonal selection; rootstock; grape composition; yield components

Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n , 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3209-7188/3209-7609 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbf@fcav.unesp.br

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[TFN0101] ^*
Data are the mean of each year ± standard deviation; the means values followed by the same uppercase in the columm among combinations and years and by the same lowercase among years for each productivity parameter do not differ among themselves as identified by Tukey test (p = 0.05); *ns = indicate not significant for analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p = 0.05)

Combination	Season	Productivity parameters
Combination	Season	Cluster per vine	Production (kg vine^-1)	Yield (t ha^-1)	Ravaz index	Fertility index
169/P1103	2012	20 ± 1.61 B ns*	3.9 ± 0.89 C b	8.6 ± 0.90 C ns	3.2 ± 0.15 B ns	1.0 ± 0.08 A ns
	2013	23 ±> 2.25 B	4.4 ± 0.72 C a	9.7 ± 2.55 C	3.4 ± 0.71 B	0.8 ± 0.07 B
	2014	21 ± 4.97 B	4.0 ± 0.68 C ab	8.8 ± 2.31 C	3.3 ± 0.71 B	0.7 ± 0.10 B
	2015	19 ±4.21 C	3.7 ± 0.44 D b	8.2 ± 3.67 C	2.9 ± 0.71 B	0.8 ± 0.05 B
337/P1103	2012	31 ± 1.48 A ns	6.0 ± 0.45 B a	13.3 ± 1.43 A ns	5.8 ± 0.20 A b	1.3 ± 0.09 A ns
	2013	36 ± 4.24 A	6.4 ± A a	14.2 ± 1.12 A	6.9 ± 0.04 A a	1.4 ± 0.11 A
	2014	30 ± 3.35 A	5.8 ± 0.88 A ab	12.8 ± 2.93 A	5.8 ± 0.20 A b	1.2 ± 0.05 A
	2015	28 ± 4.18 A	5.4 ± 0.72 B b	12.0 ± 3.01 A	5.2 ± 0.04 A b	1.1 ± 0.17 A
341/P1103	2012	21 ± 1.83 B ns	4.0 ± 0.45 C b	8.8 ± 0.63 C ns	3.3 ± 0.54 B ns	0.5 ± 0.05 B a
	2013	24 ±5.40 B	4.7 ± 0.21 B a	10.4 ± 0.79 BC	3.6 ± 0.83 B	0.2 ± 0.04 C b
	2014	20 ±0.85 B	3.9 ± 0.38 B b	8.6 ± 3.90 C	2.9 ± 0.74 B	0.5 ± 0.02 B a
	2015	24 ±0.85 B	4.7 ± 0.06 C a	10.4 ± 3.04 BC	3.2 ±0.67 B	0.3 ± 0.09 C ab
R5/P1103	2012	27 ± 1.44 B ns	5.2 ± 0.45 C a	11.5 ± 1.46 BC ns	4.0 ± 0.22 B a	0.7 ± 0.04 B ns
	2013	26 ± 4.72 B	5.0 ± 0.28 B a	11.1 ± 0.83 B	3.2 ± 0.84 B bc	0.6 ± 0.21 B
	2014	23 ± 2.35 B	4.4 ± 0.37 B b	9.7 ± 1.52 C	3.0 ± 0.37 B c	0.5 ±0.19 B
	2015	19 ± 3.71 C	3.6 ± 0.46 D b	8.0 ± 1.86 C	2.8 ±0.21 B c	0.7 ± 0.08 B
169/C3309	2012	25 ± 2.40 B ns	4.9 ± 0.44 C b	10.8 ± 0.05 C ns	1.63 ± 0.69 C c	1.0 ± 0.07 A a
	2013	28 ± 2.49 B	5.4 ± 0.25 B a	12.0 ±0.06 A	1.96 ± 0.71 C bc	0.5 ± 0.05 B c
	2014	29 ± 1.25 AB	5.6 ±0.71 A a	12.4 ±0.77 A	2.57 ± 0.55 B a	0.7 ± 0.08 B b
	2015	22 ± 0.17 B	4.2 ± 0.14 D b	9.3 ± 1.26 C	2.41 ±0.48 B a	0.9 ± 0.14 B ab
170/C3309	2012	26 ±2.04 B ns	6.0 ± 0.38 B a	13.3 ± 0.58 B a	3.9 ± 0.28 B a	0.4 ± 0.16 B b
	2013	28 ± 2.49 B	5.4 ± 0.56 B b	12.0 ± 0.82 A a	3.5 ± 0.54 B a	0.4 ± 0.11 B b
	2014	25 ± 1.94 B	4.9 ±0.05 B b	10.8 ± 0.55 BC a	3.0 ± 0.86 B b	0.6 ± 0.08 B a
	2015	23 ± 2.76 B	4.4 ± 0.33 D c	9.7 ± 0.72 C b	2.8 ±0.43 B b	0.8 ± 0.05 B a
339/C3309	2012	39 ± 2.33 A ns	7.6 ±0.53 A a	16.8 ± 1.18 A ns	4.7 ±0.80 A c	1.2 ± 0.03 A ns
	2013	36 ± 2.49 A	6.6 ±0.23 A b	14.6 ± 2.46 A	5.3 ± 0.09 A b	1.3 ± 0.06 A
	2014	31 ±1.25 A	6.0 ± 0.12 A c	13.3 ±1.89 A	5.7 ± 0.80 A a	1.4 ±0.08 A
	2015	34 ± 2.72 A	6.4 ± 0.21 A bc	14.2 ± 2.31 A	5.8 ± 0.09 A a	1.2 ±0.16 A

Combination	Season	Physical parameters
Combination	Season	Cluster mass (g)	Berries per cluster	Compactness index	Berries diameter (cm)	100 berries mass (g)	Skin:berry ratio (%)
169/P1103	2012	120.4 ± 15.40 B a	80.0 ± 7.52 C a	5.6 ± 0.25 B b	1.36 ± 0.03 ns	156.3 ± 3.07 A ab	31.5 ± 3.68 A ns
	2013	122.4 ± 13.54 B a	86.3 ± 6.52 B a	6.8 ± 0.21 B a	1.42 ±0.03	171.0 ±0.61 A a	37.2 ±4.57 A
	2014	95.2 ± 13.01 A b	52.7 ±8.69 B c	4.7 ±0.25 ns* c	1.33 ±0.03	166.5 ±7.60 A ab	28.7 ±3.91 A
	2015	119.7 ± 14.37 C a	76.5 ± 6.73 C b	6.2 ± 0.40 B a	1.40 ± 0.04	147.2 ± 1.76 A b	34.2 ±4.57 A
337/P1103	2012	148.0 ± 13.92 A a	97.0 ± 7.88 A a	6.4 ± 0.45 A b	1.35 ± 0.02	156.5 ± 5.78 A b	33.8 ± 3.84 A
	2013	151.1 ± 11.93 A a	99.8 ± 7.04 A a	7.9 ± 0.14 A a	1.41 ±0.03	167.9 ±5.79 A a	39.1 ±2.88 A
	2014	85.7 ± 14.14 A b	65.3 ± 8.22 A b	4.8 ± 0.48 c	1.37 ±0.02	173.9 ±3.53 A a	32.4 ±3.02 A
	2015	150.7 ± 13.01 A a	105.4 ± 7.76 A a	7.6 ± 0.84 A a	1.39 ±0.03	137.9 ±7.31 B c	37.1 ±2.88 A
341/P1103	2012	122.0 ± 13.92 C a	87.7 ± 11.38 B a	5.5 ± 0.29 B a	1.36 ± 0.03	157.7 ± 6.46 A a	33.7 ± 5.43 A
	2013	117.8 ± 9.97 BC a	81.2 ± 10.33 B a	6.1 ± 0.62 B a	1.35 ±0.04	168.4 ±9.42 A a	35.4 ±5.20 A
	2014	64.0 ± 11.42 BC b	55.3 ± 11.08 B b	4.5 ± 0.24 b	1.34 ±0.03	158.3 ±1.21 AB a	30.6 ±4.96 A
	2015	119.8 ± 12.01 C a	85.3 ± 9.45 B a	5.9 ± 0.51 B a	1.40 ±0.04	151.1 ±7.09 A b	32.4 ±5.20 A
R5/P1103	2012	131.7 ± 13.75 B a	92.2 ± 7.78 B a	5.7 ± 0.30 B b	1.35 ± 0.03	149.6 ± 5.67 A b	28.3 ± 5.10 A
	2013	132.1 ±11.59 B a	87.2± 7.81 B a	6.7 ± 0.44 B a	1.38±0.04	135.3±8.16 B a	34.3±3.58 A
	2014	92.5 ± 15.24 A b	51.9 ± 6.95 B b	4.9 ± 0.26 c	1.32 ±0.02	158.6 ±2.91 A a	32.1 ±4.46 A
	2015	129.7 ±; 12.66 B a	94.0 ± 7.33 B a	6.0 ± 0.30 B a	1.34 ±0.04	140.1±5.13 B b	31.3±3.58 A
169/C3309	2012	104.2± 13.78 D a	78.5± 7.40 b a	7.0±0.46 A a	1.31± 0.05	123.7± 7.94 C b	21.2± 5.77 B
	2013	103.1± 14.21 C a	72.5± 8.15 B a	6.8±0.72 B a	1.36±0.03	147.9±2.33 B a	22.3±3.68 B
	2014	71.8± 11.59 B b	45.9± 8.03 B b	4.9±0.10 c	1.27±0.04	135.3±9.70 B a	20.9±8.37 B
	2015	109.2±13.51 C a	81.0± 7.86 B a	6.0 ± 0.35 B b	1.30±0.01	102.0±11.17 C c	21.1±3.68 B
170/C3309	2012	130.3 ± 14.58 B a	92.5± 7.04 B a	6.9±0.86 B a	1.33±0.11	147.1 ± 5.87 A b	33.83 ± 4.95 A
	2013	125.5 ± 13.09 B a	85.1 ± 7.71 B a	6.6±0.49 B a	1.27±0.04	158.0±6.55 A a	39.2±3.98 A
	2014	79.3 ± 14.09 B b	50.7± 7.32 B c	4.5±0.38 c	1.38±0.11	154.7±4.13 B a	29.5±5.71 A
	2015	127.3 ± 11.68 B a	72.3 ±8.16 C b	5.9 ± 0.55 B b	1.27±0.04	131.2±5.68 B c	33.2±3.98 A
339/C3309	2012	139.2 ± 12.32 AB a	105.9 ±10.33 A a	7.6±0.53 A a	1.34 ± 0.18	146.6 ± 7.21 B b	32.70 ± 4.67 A
	2013	156.7±17.32 A a	102.11±9.21 A a	7.8±0.42 A a	1.36±0.01	159.3±6.80 A a	34.7±4.46 A
	2014	83.5±15.37 A b	68.9 ± 9.89 A b	4.7 ± 0.23 b	1.39±0.01	154.6±9.94 B ab	29.5±6.41 A
	2015	136.1 ± 11.08 B a	99.5 ±10.07 A a	7.9 ± 0.37 A a	1.40±0.01	157.3±5.37 A a	37.7±4.46 A

Combination	Season	Chemical parameters
Combination	Season	Soluble solids (°Brix)	Total acidity (meq L^-1)	pH
169/P1103	2012	19.1 ± 0.42 B ns	161.9 ± 10.07 A ns	3.03 ± 0.09 A b
	2013	19.0 ± 0.05 B	156.1 ± 9.77 A	3.07 ± 0.04 A b
	2014	19.2 ± 0.65 B	158.1 ± 2.96 A	3.15 ± 0.07 A a
	2015	18.5 ± 0.34 B	153.5 ± 15.30 B	3.17 ± 0.02 A a
337/P1103	2012	19.2 ± 0.43 B ns	164.4 ± 15.84 A ns	3.08 ± 0.07 A b
	2013	19.3 ± 0.76 B	161.9 ± 18.75 A	2.99 ± 0.09 B b
	2014	19.7 ± 0.21 B	164.3 ± 16.89 A	3.05 ± 0.10 A b
	2015	19.8 ± 0.42 A	167.3 ± 11.54 A	3.21 ± 0.04 A a
341/P1103	2012	19.7 ± 0.26 B ns	164.5 ± 16.45 A ns	3.07 ± 0.04 A b
	2013	19.1 ± 0.31 B	161.3 ± 21.27 A	3.04 ± 0.07 A b
	2014	19.2 ± 0.15 B	157.1 ± 13.40 A	3.13 ± 0.03 A a
	2015	20.0 ± 0.32 A	167.8 ± 14.27 A	3.19 ± 0.02 A a
R5/P1103	2012	21.7 ± 0.25 A ns	140.05 ± 13.32 B ns	2.91 ± 0.14 B ns
	2013	21.8 ± 0.21 A	136.6 ± 3.04 C	2.77 ± 0.37 C
	2014	20.7 ± 0.26 A	139.0 ± 11.33 B	2.93 ± 0.05 B
	2015	20.6 ± 0.28 A	142.9 ± 18.72 BC	2.85 ± 0.06 C
169/C3309	2012	21.9 ± 0.15 A a	135.1 ± 12.84 B ns	2.72 ± 0.15 B ns
	2013	20.4 ± 0.06 A b	131.8 ± 8.29 C	2.92±0.01 B
	2014	20.7 ± 0.05 A b	131.9 ± 10.7 B	2.87 ± 0.04 B
	2015	21.1 ± 0.40 A ab	135.1 ± 12.87 C	2.83 ± 0.03 B
170/C3309	2012	20.7 ± 0.27 A ns	142.8 ± 10.66 B b	2.95 ± 0.03 B a
	2013	21.3 ± 0.15 A	142.1 ± 8.04 C b	2.98 ± 0.03 B a
	2014	21.6 ± 0.15 A	135.4 ± 11.11 B b	2.93 ±0.08 B a
	2015	20.9 ± 0.44 A	152.3 ±13.46 B a	2.86 ±0.03 BC b
339/C3309	2012	19.3 ± 0.32 B ns	156.8 ± 9.24 A a	3.10 ± 0.32 A a
	2013	19.2 ± 0.05 B	152.6 ± 0.00 BC a	3.11 ±0.02 A a
	2014	19.4 ± 0.59 B	148.4 ± 14.95 A a	3.06± 0.07 A b
	2015	20.1 ±0.29 A	143.8± 8.89 BC b	3.18 ± 0.04 A a

Combination	Season	Polyphenols and color parameters
Combination	Season	Total polyphenols (mg L^-1)	Anthocyanin (mg L^-1)	Berry color, intensity (420+520+620 nm)	Berry color, hue (420/520 nm)
169/P1103	2012	1,607.5 ± 216.3 B a	1,104.77 ± 111.8 B a	8.53 ± 0.87 B bc	1.06 ± 0.19 B ns
	2013	1,458.7 ± 123.93 ns b	898.4 ± 64.72 B b	7.28 ± 0.30 C c	0.96 ± 0.01 B
	2014	1,798.3 ± 371.16 D a	1,149.3 ± 103.02 B a	9.24 ± 1.16 B a	0.90 ± 0.02 B
	2015	1,400.8 ± 255.10 C b	1,040.8 ± 174.02 B a	9.60 ± 0.54 B a	1.09 ± 0.41 B
337/P1103	2012	2,207.9 ± 75.50 A b	1,056.7 ± 88.82 B a	8.78 ±0.87 B ns	1.03 ± 0.07 B a
	2013	1,603.3 ± 65.63 c	860.2 ± 23.63 B b	8.58 ± 0.41 B	1.09 ± 0.04 B a
	2014	3,859.6 ± 63.20 B a	1,210.47 ± 60.64 B a	8.25 ± 0.66 B	0.89 ± 0.04 B b
	2015	2,254.3 ±27.97 B b	1,226.0 ± 263.58 B a	9.31 ± 1.50 B	1.08 ± 0.05 B a
341/P1103	2012	2,113.3 ± 74.0 AB a	1,007.77 ± 89.31 B b	8.59 ± 1.76 B b	1.02 ± 0.08 C a
	2013	1,537.0 ± 70.68 b	835.14 ± 30.58 B c	8.44 ± 1.14 B b	1.06 ± 0.09 B a
	2014	2,129.3 ± 343.56 C a	1,133.9 ± 132.01 B a	9.56 ± 1.52 B a	0.85 ± 0.03 B b
	2015	2,285.4 ± 431.15 B a	1,021.1 ± 144.14 B a	9.96 ± 3.11 B a	0.99 ± 0.10 C a
R5/P1103	2012	2,796.3 ± 79.20 A b	2,065.2 ± 56.58 A a	10.89 ± 1.52 A b	1.33±0.10 A a
	2013	1,600.2 ± 23.33 c	1,753.4 ± 41.67 A b	9.58 ± 0.60 A c	1.09 ± 0.04 A bc
	2014	4,641.4 ± 49.00 A a	1,624.4 ± 42.27 A bc	11.4 ± 0.85 A b	1.05 ± 0.12 A c
	2015	2,897.6 ± 94.41 A b	1,479.5 ± 22.34 A c	17.60 ± 3.51 A a	1.12 ± 0.05 B b
169/C3309	2012	2,597.1 ± 24.3 A b	1,652,0 ± 58.30 A a	9.98 ± 0.54 A b	1.26± 0.08 A
	2013	1,474.3 ± 0.03 c	1,561.9 ± 9.90 A a	9.35 ± 0.47 A b	1.35 ± 0.04 A
	2014	4,947.5 ± 85.59 A a	1,563.6 ± 31.96 A a	11.78 ± 1.05 A a	1.04 ± 0.04 A
	2015	2,103.18 ± 22.37 B b	1,316.6 ± 45.02 A b	12.07 ± 0.48 A a	1.14 + 0.12 A
170/C3309	2012	2,524.7 ± 14.60 A c	1,468.2 ± 57.4 A a	9.96 ± 1.25 A c	1.39± 0.10 A
	2013	1,652.5 ± 56.20 d	1,473.2 ± 16.19 A a	10.27 ± 0.39 A bc	1.22 ± 0.09 A
	2014	4,038.4 ±41.68 A a	1,384.2 ± 40.17 A a	10.88 ± 1.09 A a	1.11 ± 0.03 A
	2015	3,206.7 ± 10.32 A b	1,268.8 ± 36.67 A b	13.59 ±3.07 A a	1.30 ± 0.28 A
339/C3309	2012	2,047.7 ± 29.4 B a	1,083.4 ± 46.17 B a	8.69	0.88± 0.07 C
	2013	1,541.0 ± 1.00 b	866.3 ± 22.56 B	7.85 ± 0.35 B b	0.97 ±0.04 B
	2014	1,136.9 ± 68.82 D c	1,140.8 ± 25.77 B a	9.44 ± 1.32 B a	0.74 ± 0.03 C
	2015	1,139.8 ± 41.38 C c	1,027.4 ± 30.38 B a	8.64 ± 2.03 B a	1.06 ±0.30