Effect of the environment and use of alternative products in the post-harvest of papaya

This study aimed to establish an alternative treatment for post-harvest storage of Papaya (Carica papaya L.), var “Tainung 1” and to control major diseases at this stage. Two storage place were evaluated (room temperature and cold room); Six treatments (Control, Samurai 40ml/20l water, Serenade® 40ml/20l water, Sanatizer EUPROOFF® 10ml/20l water, EUPROOFF® + Serenade® + Samurai, Serenade® + Samurai), five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) and three seasons (December, January and February). Fruit weight loss (FWL), color index, number and size of lesions were evaluated and used to calculate the disease incidence and average of disease incidence. The FWL and index color of fruits were more affected by monthly variation than the treatments, especially the Samurai one. The growth of disease incidence were slower under cold room. Among the treatments, the Samurai was the most efficient,but if mixed to others products their efficiency was not observed. These results suggest that the using of Samurai only in cold room conditions can be more effective in control of post-harvest diseases of papaya.

Index terms
Fruit disease; Biocontrol; Cold room; Fungicide; Organic pesticide

Authorship

Kiyotaka Murakami

Master student, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília.Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: kiyotaka063@gmail.com Universidade de BrasíliaBrasilBrasília, DF, Brasil Master student, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília.Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: kiyotaka063@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-3639

Andre Freire Cruz

PhD. Associate Professor, Kyoto Prefectural University,Kyoto, Japan, E-mail: andre@kpu.ac.jp Kyoto Prefectural UniversityJapãoKyoto, Japão PhD. Associate Professor, Kyoto Prefectural University,Kyoto, Japan, E-mail: andre@kpu.ac.jp

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-2742

Marcio de Carvalho Pires

PhD.Assistant Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília. Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: mcpires@unb.br Universidade de BrasiliaBrasilBrasília, DF, Brasil PhD.Assistant Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília. Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: mcpires@unb.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-8398

Ivone Midori Icuma

PhD.Visitor Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília.Brasília-Brazil.E-mail: imicuma@hotmail.com Universidade de BrasiliaBrasilBrasília, DF, Brasil PhD.Visitor Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília.Brasília-Brazil.E-mail: imicuma@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-6342

Osvaldo Kiyoshi Yamanishi

PhD.Associate Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília. Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: kiyoshi@unb.br Universidade de BrasiliaBrasilBrasília, DF, Brasil PhD.Associate Professor, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília. Brasília-Brazil. E-mail: kiyoshi@unb.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0973

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (9)

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Table 1
Fresh weight loss of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 2
Fresh weight loss of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to evaluation time (days) and storage environment. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 3
Index color (L, a, and b values) of papaya ‘Tainung 1’ peels according to storage environment and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 4
Index color (L, a, and b values) of papaya ‘Tainung 1’ peels according to treatments and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 5
Severities, AACF1 (Lesion number) and AACF2 (Lesion size), in papaya 'Tainung 1' according to storage environment and evaluation time. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 6
Severities, AACF1 (Lesion number) and AACF2 (Lesion size), respectively in papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and time of evaluation. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 7
Incidence and Average of Incidence of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to storage environment and evaluation period. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 8
Incidence and Average of incidence of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and time of evaluation. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

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Table 9
Incidence and Average of incidence papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and storage environment (Normal Temperature and Cold Room). Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Table 1 Fresh weight loss of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

TREATMENTS	Fresh weight loss (%)
TREATMENTS	DEC	JAN	FEB
Control	3.06 Ca	3.80 Bb	5.06 Aa
Samurai	3.10 Ba	4.50 Aa	4.70 Aab
Serenade®	2.73 Ca	4.40 Bab	5.23 Aa
Euprooff ®	2.83 Ba	4.36 Aab	4.13 Abc
Euprooff ®+ Serenade® + Samurai	2.76 Ba	4.06 Aab	3.93 Ac
Samurai+Serenade®	3.40 Ba	3.86 ABab	4.00 Ac
Average	2.98	4.16	4.50
CV (%)	23.94

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Fresh weight loss of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to evaluation time (days) and storage environment. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

Storage time (days)	Fresh weight loss (%)
Storage time (days)	Room Temperature	Cold room
0	0.00 Ae	0.00 Ae
3	1.64 Ad	1.55 Ad
6	4.09 Ac	2.88 Bc
9	7.05 Ab	4.42 Bb
12	11.09 Aa	6.11 Ba
CV (%)	23.94

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Index color (L, a, and b values) of papaya ‘Tainung 1’ peels according to storage environment and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

Storage	L			a			b
	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Room Temperature	49.21 Ca	50.43 Ba	52.66 Aa	4.71 Ba	5.36 Ba	7.90 Aa	41.05 Ba	39.20 Ca	42.90 Aa
Cold room	35.83 Cb	40.05 Bb	46.31 Ab	-8.16 Cb	-6.51 Bb	-5.27 Ab	29.54 Bb	30.47 Bb	37.41 Ab
CV (%)	5.26			591.37			9.40

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation; L: lightness; a: green-red color; b: blue-yellow color.

Table 4 Index color (L, a, and b values) of papaya ‘Tainung 1’ peels according to treatments and evaluation time. Brasília-DF, 2017/2018.

TREAT	L			a			b
TREAT	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Control	43.14 Cab	45.10 Bab	49.93 Aab	-2.8 Bb	1.74 Bb	2.64 Aa	35.33 Ca	33.48 Bb	41.45 Aab
Samurai	41.97 Bab	43.22 Bc	48.37 Ab	-2.19 Bab	-1.91 Bb	0.17 Ab	34.20 Ba	31.80 Bc	37.55 Ac
Serenade®	41.62 Cb	46.17 Bab	50.32 Aa	-1.79 Cab	0.51 Ba	3.39 Aa	34.78 Ba	35.63 Bab	41.48 Aab
Euprooff ®	42.47 Cab	46.28 Ba	50.73 Aa	-1.20 Ca	0.91 Ba	2.15 Aa	35.90 Ba	37.09 Ba	43.04 Aa
Euprooff ®+ Serenade® + Samurai	42.46 Cab	46.28 Ba	49.17 Aab	-0.9 Ba	0.35 Aa	-0.67 Aab	35.70 Ba	37.26 Ba	39.88 Abc
Samurai+Serenade®	43.46 Ba	44.41 Bbc	48.39 Ab	-1.28 Aa	-1.55 Ab	0.17 Ab	35.84 Ba	33.73 Bbc	37.53 Ac
CV (%)	5.26			591.37			9.40

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation; L: lightness; a: green-red color; b: blue-yellow color.

Table 5 Severities, AACF1 (Lesion number) and AACF2 (Lesion size), in papaya 'Tainung 1' according to storage environment and evaluation time. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Storage	AACF1			AACF2
	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Normal Temperature	2.01 Ca	3.32 Ba	5.15 Aa	2.39 Ca	3.74 Ba	5.13 Aa
Cold Room	1.38 Ab	1.23 Ab	1.53 Ab	1.36 Ab	1.22 Ab	1.58 Ab
CV (%)	25.41				19.23

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 6 Severities, AACF1 (Lesion number) and AACF2 (Lesion size), respectively in papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and time of evaluation. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Treatments	AACF1			AACF2
Treatments	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Control	1.68 Ba	1.90 Ba	3.83 Aab	1.81 Bab	2.47 Ba	3.72 Aab
Samurai	1.31 Ba	2.09 ABa	2.42 Ac	1.49 Bb	2.35Aa	2.88 Ab
Serenade®	1.60 Ca	2.48 Ba	4.20 Aa	1.76 Cab	2.66 Ba	3.86 Aa
Euprooff ®	1.93 Ba	2.66 ABa	3.25 Abc	1.96 Bab	2.82Aa	3.29 Aab
Euprooff ®+ Serenade® + Samurai	1.56 Ba	2.25 Ba	3.10 Abc	1.86 Bab	2.52 Ba	3.25 Aab
Samurai+Serenade®	2.09 Ba	2.30 Ba	3.22 Abc	2.39 Ba	2.32Ba	3.22 Aab
CV (%)	25.41				19.23

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 7 Incidence and Average of Incidence of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to storage environment and evaluation period. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Storage	Incidence			Average of incidence
	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Normal Temperature	1.36 Ba	1.40Aa	1.41 Aa	1.13 Ca	1.17 Ba	1.23 Aa
Cold Room	1.11 Bb	1.09 Bb	1.15 Ab	1.03 Bb	1.02 Cb	1.04 Ab
CV (%)	2.50			0.95

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 8 Incidence and Average of incidence of papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and time of evaluation. Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Treatments	Incidence			Average of incidence
Treatments	DEC	JAN	FEB	DEC	JAN	FEB
Control	1.19 Bc	1.20 Bc	1.30 Aab	1.08 Bbc	1.09 Bb	1.17 Aa
Samurai	1.18 Ac	1.21 Ac	1.20 Ac	1.04 Bd	1.08 Ab	1.10 Ac
Serenade®	1.23 Bbc	1.30 Aa	1.33 Aa	1.08 Cbc	1.11 Ba	1.17 Aa
Euprooff ®	1.26 Aab	1.28 Aab	1.28 Aab	1.09 Bb	1.12Aa	1.13 Ab
Euprooff ®+ Serenade® + Samurai	1.21 Bbc	1.23 Bbc	1.33 Aa	1.07 Bc	1.08Bb	1.12 Ab
Samurai+Serenade®	1.30 Aa	1.23 Bbc	1.25 Bbc	1.13 Aa	1.08 Bb	1.12 Ab
CV (%)	2.50			0.95

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 9 Incidence and Average of incidence papaya 'Tainung 1' according to treatments and storage environment (Normal Temperature and Cold Room). Brasilia DF, 2017/2018.

Treatments	Incidence		Average of incidence
Treatments	RoomTemperature	Cold Room	RoomTemperature	Cold Room
Control	1.37 Aa	1.10 Bc	1.19 Aa	1.03 Bb
Samurai	1.38 Aa	1.01 Bd	1.14 Ab	1.00 Bc
Serenade®	1.40 Aa	1.18 Ba	1.20 Aa	1.05 Ba
Euprooff ®	1.40 Aa	1.15 Bab	1.19 Aa	1.04 Bab
Euprooff ®+ Serenade® + Samurai	1.38 Aa	1.13 Bbc	1.15 Ab	1.03 Bb
Samurai+Serenade®	1.40 Aa	1.13 Bbc	1.18 Aa	1.03 Bab
CV (%)	2.50		0.95

^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

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Effect of the environment and use of alternative products in the post-harvest of papaya

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[TFN0101] ^*
Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in lines and lowercase in columns, are not significantly different according to Tukey test, 95% probability; C.V. = coefficient of variation.