The authors report a case of Chilaiditi's syndrome in a 56-year-old woman. Although this is a benign condition with rare surgical indication, it has great importance for implying surgical emergency in cases where such condition is equivocally diagnosed as pneumoperitoneum. A literature review is performed with emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up and treatment of this entity.
Chilaiditi's syndrome; Chilaiditi's sign; Acute abdomen; Pneumoperitoneum; Hepatodiaphragmatic space
