EFFECT OF PLANTING AGE AND SPACING ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> W. Hill EX Maiden

Eloy, Elder; Silva, Dimas Agostinho da; Schmidt, Denise; Trevisan, Rômulo; Caron, Braulio Otomar; Elli, Elvis Felipe

doi:10.1590/0100-67622016000400019

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 40 (4) • Jul-Aug 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000400019 copy

EFFECT OF PLANTING AGE AND SPACING ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill EX Maiden

EFEITO DA IDADE E DO ESPAÇAMENTO DE PLANTIO NAS PROPRIEDADES ENERGÉTICAS DO Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the effect of planting age and spacing on energy properties of different compartments of the biomass of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, disseminated in different spacings: 2.0 x 1.0 m, 2.0 x 1.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m e 3.0 x 1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th year after the planting. The present study was carried out as an experiment installed in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in three replications. Variables determined were Biomass (BIO), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), Basic Density (BD), Energy Productivity (EP), Energy Density (ED), Fixed Carbon Content (FCC), Volatile Material Content (VMC), and Ash Content (AC). Ages have an effect on all studied variables, and in the 5th year after planting, the largest BIO, EP, BD, ED and FCC values are checked. The planting spacings induce different productions of BIO and EP, with a trend towards lower values with increasing planting spacing in all assessed periods. The compartments of trees influence BIO, GCV, FCC, VMC and AC variables. Regarding to energy, the higher the age and lower the planting spacing, the better the energy properties of biomass.

Keywords:
Biomass; Gross Calorific Value; Energy Productivity

Table 1 Average test for energy variables of the compartments of Eucalyptus grandis, distributed in different spacings, one year after planting in the city of Frederico Westphalen-RS.

Varible	Comp.	Spacing (m)
		2.0 x 1.0	2.0 x 1.5	3.0 x 1.0	3.0 x 1.5
Biomass	Wood	2.759 aA	1.801 aAB	1.059 aB	0.739 aB
(ton ha^-1)	Bark	0.387 bA	0.261 aB	0.175 aC	0.160 aC
	Branch	2.376 aA	1.425 aAB	1.090 aB	0.996 aB
	Leaf	4.663 aA	2.533 aB	2.297 aB	1.929 aB
	Total	10.185 A	6.020 B	4.621 C	3.824 D
Energy	Wood	12.496 aA	8.240 aA	4.681 aB	3.212 aB
Productivit	Bark	1.473 aA	0.996 aA	0.689 aA	0.618 aA
(Gcal ha^-1)	Branch	10.376 aA	6.326 aAB	4.820 aB	4.322 aB
	Leaf	21.818 aA	12.120 aB	10.798 aB	9.670 aB
Gross Calorific	Wood	4529 ab	4575 ab	4420 b	4346 b
Value (kcal kg^-1)	Bark	3805 c	3817 c	3937 c	3864 c
	Branch	4367 b	4439 b	4422 b	4339 b
	Leaf	4679 a	4785 a	4701 a	5013 a
Fixed	Wood	17.99 ab	12.69 c	15.32 b	15.16 b
Carbon (%)	Bark	15.38 b	16.40 b	19.65 a	16. 68 ab
	Branch	16.86 ab	14.73 bc	14.83 b	15.41 b
	Leaf	18.20 a	18.70 a	19.83 a	18.77 a
Volatile	Wood	80.96 ab	83.28 a	83.74 a	83.42 a
Material (%)	Bark	76.47 c	76.43 b	74.48 b	75.62 b
	Branch	78.85 bc	83.56 a	81.98 a	82.80 a
	Leaf	82.26 a	78.41 b	75.80 b	77.55 b
Ash Content (%)	Wood	1.23 d	0. 99 d	1.21 d	1.12 d
	Bark	6.83 a	6.87 a	6.17 a	6. 50 a
	Branch	3.00 c	2.05 c	2.70 c	2. 26 c
	Leaf	4.34 b	3.79 b	4.42 b	4.17 b
BD (g cm^-3)	Wood	0.382	0.387	0. 390	0.391
ED (Gcal m^-3)	Wood	1.730	1.770	1.724	1.699

Table 2 Average test for energy variables of the compartments of Eucalyptus grandis, distributed in different spacings, three years after planting in the city of Frederico Westphalen-RS.

Varible	Comp.	Spacing (m)
		2.0 x 1.0	2.0 x 1.5	3.0 x 1.0	3.0 x 1.5
Biomass	Wood	90.988 aA	47.636 aB	46.888 aB	27.461 aC
(ton ha^-1)	Bark	16.284 bA	15.553 bB	13.536 bB	6.998 bC
	Branch	18.140 bA	11.772 bB	13. 319 bC	8.130 bD
	Leaf	17.454 bA	15.932 bC	16.783 bB	5.585 bD
	Total	142.866 A	90. 893 B	90.526 B	48.174 C
Energy Productivit	Wood	392.340 aA	205.645 aB	190.834 aB	118.632 aC
(Gcal ha^-1)	Bark	61.521 cA	56.100 bcB	52.438 cC	24.493 bD
	Branch	81.938 bA	51.514 cC	58.763 cB	35.853 bD
	Leaf	84.285 bA	76.553 bB	81.716 bA	26.668 bC
Gross Calorific	Wood	4312 b	4317 b	4070 c	4320 b
Value (kcal kg^-1)	Bark	3778 c	3607 c	3874 c	3500 c
	Branch	4517 b	4376 b	4412 b	4410 b
	Leaf	4829 a	4805 a	4869 a	4775 a
Fixed Carbon	Wood	14.91 b	15.81 b	15.25 b	14.36 b
(%)	Bark	19.02 a	20.98 a	19.09 a	18.74 a
	Branch	15.93 b	16.50 b	15.87 b	14.82 b
	Leaf	20.36 a	21.75 a	16.96 b	16.64 ab
Volatile	Wood	83.23 a	83.76 a	84.46 a	84.53 a
Material (%)	Bark	75.29 b	77.95 b	77.74 b	77.15 b
	Branch	83.17 a	83.91 a	81.60 a	83.58 a
	Leaf	75.83 b	78.27 b	77.87 b	77.88 b
Ash Content	Wood	0.84 c	0.74 c	0. 67 c	0.65 c
(%)	Bark	4.75 a	3.97 a	4.00 a	4. 51 a
	Branch	2.13 b	2.28 b	2.28 b	1. 96 b
	Leaf	4.14 a	4.75 a	4. 71 a	4.75 a
BD (g cm^-3)	Wood	0.367	0.371	0.365	0.384
ED (Gcal m^-3)	Wood	1.582	1.590	1.591	1.661

Table 3 Average test for energy variables of the compartments of Eucalyptus grandis, distributed in different spacings, five years after planting in the city of Frederico Westphalen-Rio Grande do Sul.

Varible	Comp.	Spacing (m)
		2.0 x 1.0	2.0 x 1.5	3.0 x 1.0	3.0 x 1.5
Biomass	Wood	279.016 aA	244.275 aB	228.725 aC	190.086 aD
(ton ha^-1)	Bark	11.067 bcA	9.991 cA	10.635 cAB	10.167 cBC
	Branch	19.021 bA	18.152 bA	22.195 bA	19.614 bA
	Leaf	16.046 bcB	14.172 bcC	18.612 bA	14.142 bcC
	Total	325.150 A	286.590 B	280.167 B	234.009 C
Energy Productivit	Wood	1233.530 aA	1104.367 aB	1009.821 aC	871.734 aD
(Gcal ha^-1)	Bark	42.210 cA	40.284 cA	39.903 cA	39.895 cA
	Branch	84.853 bBC	79.252 bC	97.192 bA	86.949 bB
	Leaf	81.113 bB	70.744 bC	93.563 bA	70.017 bC
Gross Calorific	Wood	4421 b	4521 b	4415 b	4586 b
Value (kcal kg^-1)	Bark	3814 c	4032 c	3752 c	3924 c
	Branch	4461 b	4366 b	4379 b	4433 b
	Leaf	5055 a	4992 a	5027 a	4951 a
Fixed Carbon	Wood	19.50 ab	19. 38 ab	20.02 a	19.44 ab
(%)	Bark	21.91 a	22.10 a	20.80 a	19.90 ab
	Branch	18.72 b	18.57 b	18.96 b	19.19 b
	Leaf	20.54 a	21.90 a	19.78 ab	21.26 a
Volatile Material	Wood	80.30 a	80.65 a	80.00 a	80.32 a
(%)	Bark	72.18 c	72.00 c	75.05 b	73.84 c
	Branch	78.14 ab	78.08 ab	77.71 b	77.99 b
	Leaf	74.22 bc	73.33 c	74.84 b	73.77 c
Ash Content	Wood	0.62 c	0.58 c	0.63 c	0.68 b
(%)	Bark	5.58 a	5.65 a	4.63 a	4.90 a
	Branch	2.76 b	2.54 b	2.87 b	2.58 b
	Leaf	4.87 a	5.08 a	5.05 a	5.34 a
BD (g cm^-3)	Wood	0.390	0.417	0. 392	0.401
ED (Gcal m^-3)	Wood	1.724	1.885	1.731	1.839

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