CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE SELECTION OF PARENTS OF <i>Corymbia citriodora</i> AIMING TO THE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND ESSENTIAL OIL

Luz, Otávio dos Santos Limeira; Honório, Ana Beatriz Marques; Fidelis, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Nascimento, Ildon Rodrigues do; Moraes, Cristiano Bueno de; Leal, Tarcísio Castro Alves de Barros

doi:10.1590/1806-90882018000100018

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 42 (1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882018000100018 copy

CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE SELECTION OF PARENTS OF Corymbia citriodora AIMING TO THE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND ESSENTIAL OIL

CARACTERÍSTICAS PARA A SELEÇÃO DE MATRIZES DE Corymbia citriodora VISANDO A PRODUÇÃO DE MADEIRA E ÓLEO ESSENCIAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify the most important characteristics for the selection of parent trees of Corymbia citriodora by estimating genetic dissimilarity and linear correlation degree for wood and essential oil production. This study was conducted in experimental areas of the company JAMP Florestal -located in Dueré-TO -and at Universidade Federal do Tocantins (Federal University of Tocantins), campus Gurupi, from January to April 2014, in 19 parent trees based on 19 characteristics. With the data, the following steps were performed: clustering through Tocher’s optimization method; calculation of genetic dissimilarity between parents; quantification of relative contribution; and verification of correlation degree existing among the characteristics evaluated through Pearson correlation using the program GENES. The characteristics essential oil yield and heartwood diameter presented the major contributions for genetic dissimilarity. Thus, it must be prioritized for wood production: trees with lower values in crown height and sapwood diameter; and trees with higher values in total height, commercial height, diameter at breast height and stump diameter. For essential oil production, it must be prioritized trees with lower values in leaf width, bark thickness and sapwood diameter; and trees with higher values in leaf nitrogen content, leaf potassium content, total green biomass and total dry biomass, essential oil yield, essential oil content and crown volume.

Keywords:
Genetic divergence; Forest improvement; Superior trees

Table 1 Dissimilarity measures between parents of C. citriodora regarding 19 characteristics, based on Euclidean distance (dii) through Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA).

PARENTS	R07	R10	R11	R12	R13	R14	R15	R16	R17	R19	R20	S22	S23	S24	S25	S26	S27	S29
R04	1,31	1,41	1,01	1,54	1,87	1.27	1,67	1,52	1,46	1,50	1,95	1,80	1,42	1,58	1,17	1,30	2,12	1,82
R07		1,61	1,41	2,09	1,49	1,81	1,76	2,21	1,98	1,65	2,61	1,77	2,03	2,15	1,53	1,57	2,12	2,19
R10			1,24	1,31	2,01	1,84	1,94	1,41	1,50	1,56	1,90	1,41	1,96	1,95	1,72	1,39	1,67	1,66
R11				1,43	1,50	1,24	1,58	1,45	1,26	1,08	1,75	1,87	1,57	1,74	1,21	1,27	1,68	1,59
R12					2,23	1,55	2,35	1,35	1,42	1,49	1,49	1,66	1,75	1,69	1,73	1,30	1,68	1,36
R13						1,88	1,29	2,15	2,10	1,46	2,16	2,31	2,29	2,31	2,11	1,90	1,74	2,22
R14							1,74	1,68	1,52	1,39	1,80	2,16	1,25	1,45	1,23	1,44	2,05	1,35
R15								1,97	1,78	1,59	2,24	2,43	2,12	2,09	1,85	2,05	2,03	2,26
R16									1,38	1,44	1,18	1,78	1,90	1,73	1,64	1,76	1,75	1,33
R17										1,55	1,86	2,18	1,59	1,48	1,56	1,35	1,96	1,50
R19											1,57	2,07	1,67	2,03	1,30	1,53	1,54	1,63
R20												2,36	2,07	1,99	2,17	2,04	1,86	1,72
S22													2,31	1,94	2,05	1,78	1,72	1,69
S23														1,16	1,38	1,31	2,40	1,46
S24															1,78	1,49	2,23	1,23
S25																1,61	2,31	1,72
S26																	1,63	1,39
S27																		1,69

Table 2 Clustering of the 19 parent trees of C. citriodora, in the municipality of Dueré-TO, based on characteristics DBH, CV, TH, CmH, SH, CwH, LW, LL, BT, HwD, SwD, StD, TLGB, TLDB, EOC, EOY, LNC, LPC and LKC through the average Euclidean distance and Tocher's optimization method.

Group	Parent trees
I	R11 R13 R15 R19
II	R04 R07 R14 S23 S25
III	R17 S24 S26 S29
IV	R10 R12 R16 R20 S22 S27

Table 3 Relative contribution of characteristics for genetic dissimilarity based on the calculation performed with non-standard means for 19 parents of C. citriodora.

VARIABLE	Singh (1981)Singh D. The relative importance of characters affecting genetic divergence. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 1981;41:237-45.
	S.j	VALUE (%)
DBH	1191,7800	0,0036
CV	464,0000	0,0014
TH	1021,4400	0,0031
CmH	996,0600	0,0030
SH	1187,4600	0,0036
CwH	1060,3800	0,0032
LW	30,4800	0,0001
LL	1366,1200	0,0042
BT	11,5200	0,0000
HwD	4630,9000	0,0141
SwD	3248,5800	0,0099
StD	1143,1200	0,0035
TGLB	12879,0400	0,0393
TDLB	3779,1800	0,0115
EOC	827,0200	0,0025
EOY	32710409,2200	99,8965
LNC	32,3800	0,0001
LPC	0,0027	0,0000
LKC	21,7800	0,0001

Table 4 Pearson correlation values among the 19 characteristics evaluated in 19 parents of C. citriodora, resulting onthe following characteristics: DBH-Diameter at breast height; CV- Crown volume; TH- Total height; CmH- Commercialheight; SH- Stem height; CwH - Crown height; LW- Leaf width; LL- Leaf lenght; BT - Bark thickness; HwDHeartwooddiameter; SwP - Sapwood diameter; StD- Stump diameter; TLGB – Total leaf green biomass; TLDB- Total leaf dry biomass; EOC - Essential oil content; EOY- Essential oil yield; LNC- Leaf nitrogen content;LPC- Leaf phosphorus content; LKC- Leaf potassium content.

	DBH	CV	TH	CmH	SH	CwH	LW	LL	BT	HwD	SwD	StD	TGLB	TDLB	EOC	EOY	LNC	LPC
DBH	1
CV	0,19	1
TH	0,27	-0,25	1
CmH	0,24	-0,28	0,93^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
SH	0,31	-0,31	0,52^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,60^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
CwH	-0,06	0,08	0,43	0,27	-0,55^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
LW	-0,07	0,10	0,12	0,06	0,30	-0,20	1
LL	-0,21	-0,10	0,08	0,07	0,17	-0,10	0,44	1
BT	0,30	0,18	-0,09	-0,04	0,20	-0,30	0,37	-0,02	1
HwD	0,38	-0,12	0,43	0,41	0,50	-0,11	0,02	-0,19	-0,01	1
SwD	0,51^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,37	0,18	0,28	0,42^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,26	0,14	0,14	0,44	0,39	1
StD	0,50^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,23	0,26	0,22	0,08	0,18	-0,24	0,26	-0,03	0,27	0,47^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
TGLB	0,32	0,60^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,10	-0,26	-0,28	0,20	-0,13	0,07	-0,08	-0,17	0,27	0,40	1
TDLB	0,23	0,53^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,09	-0,26	-0,28	0,21	-0,12	0,13	-0,11	-0,22	0,18	0,35	0,98^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
EOC	-0,21	-0,41	-0,02	0,08	-0,18	0,17	-0,65^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,29	-0,56^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,06	-0,47^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,16	-0,25	-0,24	1
EOY	-0,10	-0,06	-0,22	-0,24	-0,44	0,26	-0,70^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,27	-0,60^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,07	-0,36	0,02	0,35	0,35	0,79^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	1
LNC	0,12	-0,07	0,21	0,18	0,12	0,07	-0,63^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,01	-0,22	0,29	0,13	0,44	0,11	0,11	0,30	0,30	1
LPC	-0,10^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,01	-0,14	-0,13	-0,11	-0,02	-0,26	-0,22	0,18	0,24	0,02	0,02	-0,30	-0,35	0,10	-0,07	0,45	1
LKC	0,46	0,13	-0,05	-0,02	-0,03	-0,01	-0,47^ ; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	-0,09	0,01	0,06	0,29	0,51^* **; * Significant values at 1% and at 5% probability, respectively, through t-test. Valores significativos a 1% e a 5% de probabilidade, respectivamente, pelo teste t.	0,42	0,34	0,12	0,35	0,35 0,10	1

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