CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOGGING MATERIAL FROM HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS

Miranda, Suymara T.; Matos, Antonio T.; Matos, Mateus P.; Borges, Alisson C.; Baptestin, Gheila C. F.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v37n3p463-470/2017

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Scientific Papers, Soil and Water Engineering • Eng. agríc. 37 (03) • May-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v37n3p463-470/2017 copy

CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOGGING MATERIAL FROM HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to characterize the material composition responsible for clogging the porous medium of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF–CW) systems, which is detrimental to a proper system operation. Six completely clogged HSSF–CWs were used after treatment of swine wastewater. Operating conditions of these systems were named CW–C (HSSF– CW 1 and HSSF–CW 4, non-cultivated, i.e. controls), CW–T (HSSF–CW 2 and HSSF–CW 5, cultivated with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)), and CW–A (HSSF–CW 3 and HSSF–CW 6, cultivated with alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)). The results showed that most of the clogging material was composed of total fixed solids (95, 84, and 82% in CW–C, CW–T, and CW–A, respectively). However, total volatile solids (TVS) mostly affected pore clogging. The larger accumulations and productions of TVS in CWs might have originated from dead plants.

KEYWORDS:
constructed wetlands; clogging; porous medium

SV	DF	Fine material				Coarse material
		Mean square				Mean square
		TS	TFS	TVS	EOC	TS	TFS	TVS	EOC
Vegetation (V)	2	5.0^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	257.8^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	257.8^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	27.5^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	12.1^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	404.2^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	404.2^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	47.2^ ns, , and * non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively
Residual (a)	3	0.2	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0	9.5	9.5	3.0
Position (P)	2	1.1^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	75.2^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	75.2^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	11.1^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	2.9^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	113.9^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	113.9^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	11.2^* ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively
V × P	4	0.1^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	9.9^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	9.9^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	1.2^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	0.6^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	13.9^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	13.9^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively	1.3^ns ns, *, and non-significant, significant at 1 e 5% probability by the F-test, respectively
Residual (b)	6	0.3	12.8	12.8	1.0	0.4	17.8	17.8	1.4
CV (%) plot		0.4	1.2	7.6	19.4	1.0	3.5	24.2	39.3
CV (%) subplot		0.6	4.1	26.6	20.4	0.7	4.8	33.1	26.9

Treatment	Fine material				Coarse material
Treatment	TS	TFS	TVS	EOC	TS	TFS	TVS	EOC
CW–C	98.76 A	93.95 A	6.04 C	2.40 B	99.32 A	96.78 A	3.28 B	1.21 B
CW–T	97.18 B	84.37 B	15.63 B	5.70 A	96.97 B	83.07 B	16.93 A	5.86 A
CW–A	97.20 B	81.42 C	18.58A	6.41 A	96.77 B	81.99 B	18.00 A	6.25 A

Position	Fine material			Coarse material
Position	TFS	TVS	EOC	TS	TFS	TVS	EOC
1st third	82.65 B	17.35 A	6.24 A	96.88 B	82.36 B	17.63 A	5.91 A
2nd third	87.56 AB	12.44 AB	4.75 AB	98.01 A	88.74 AB	11.26 AB	4.19 AB
3rd third	89.53 A	10.47 B	3.53 B	98.16 A	90.69 A	9.31B	3.22 B

Depth (cm)	Solid	Treat.	Fine material				Coarse material
Depth (cm)	Solid	Treat.		1st third	2nd third	3rd third	1st third	2nd third	3rd third
0 to 20	TS	CW–T	Mean	94.1	96.5	95.5	93.0	95.5	95.5
		CW–T	CV	0.93	0.24	1.60	0.64	0.27	2.45
		CW–A	Mean	95.0	95.7	95.8	91.7	95.3	95.7
		CW–A	CV	0.12	0.36	1.49	1.85	0.71	2.19
	TVS	CW–T	Mean	32.0	19.0	21.8	37.9	25.1	25.3
		CW–T	CV	2.93	4.63	4.44	1.25	4.29	5.73
		CW–A	Mean	39.6	31.2	20.4	45.9	28.6	21.2
		CW–A	CV	1.70	1.67	1.34	5.13	8.71	1.72
	TFS	CW–T	Mean	68.0	81.0	78.2	62.1	74.9	74.7
		CW–T	CV	12.19	1.09	12.36	7.63	1.43	19.44
		CW–A	Mean	60.4	68.8	79.6	54.1	71.4	78.8
		CW–A	CV	1.11	0.76	3.44	4.35	3.49	4.65
Below 20	TS	CW–T	Mean	98.9	99.0	99.1	99.0	99.3	99.5
		CW–T	CV	0.33	0.07	0.41	0.17	0.16	0.26
		CW–A	Mean	98.6	99.0	99.1	99.2	99.3	99.5
		CW–A	CV	0.03	0.31	0.06	0.39	0.15	0.08
	TVS	CW–T	Mean	7.7	7.6	5.7	5.4	4.9	3.0
		CW–T	CV	0.65	0.21	0.32	0.36	0.46	0.55
		CW–A	Mean	8.8	5.9	5.7	5.7	3.9	2.6
		CW–A	CV	0.69	0.24	0.45	0.47	0.41	0.34
	TFS	CW–T	Mean	92.3	92.4	94.3	94.6	95.1	97.0
		CW–T	CV	0.54	1.73	1.91	0.21	2.36	1.71
		CW–A	Mean	91.2	94.1	94.3	94.3	96.1	97.4
		CW–A	CV	0.66	1.53	0.27	2.85	1.69	0.09

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
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[1] *Corresponding author. Universidade Federal de Viçosa/ Viçosa - MG, Brasil. E-mail: suymara-miranda@hotmail.com