ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND CO-DIGESTION OF POULTRY LITTER SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT REUSES

Vicente Jr., Donizete J.; Costa, Monica S. S. de M.; Costa, Luiz A. M.; Pereira, Dercio C.; Santos, Francielly T. dos

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v38n6p961-967/2018

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Scientific Paper, Sanitation and Ambient Control • Eng. agríc. (Online) 38 (6) • Nov-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v38n6p961-967/2018 copy

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND CO-DIGESTION OF POULTRY LITTER SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT REUSES

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Considering the constant increase in the waste generation from poultry and pigs’ husbandries, the main contributions of this study were to verify the potential of biogas production through the anaerobic digestion and co-digestion of the residues generated by these two activities, as well as to highlight the recovery of the nutrients contained in the obtained digestate. The wastes used were poultry litters after six, seven and eight production lots, as well as the sifted wastewater from one Piglets Producer Unit (PPU). Higher biogas production (p <0.05) was observed in the treatments in which anaerobic codigestion was used with the swine wastewater (SW): 0.179; 0.158 and 0.117 m³ per kg of total solids (TS) added for poultry litters with six, seven and eight lots, respectively. It was concluded that the anaerobic co-digestion between the poultry litter and sifted swine wastewater is the best option for energy and nutrient recycling. No positive relationships were observed in the increase in the number of reuses of litter in the production of biogas and in the concentration of nutrients in the digestate.

KEYWORDS
Agroindustry; digestate; biogas; waste treatments

Components	6 lots (kg)	7 lots (kg)	8 lots (kg)
Poultry Litter	4.0	3.8	3.8
Water or Swine wastewater	54.8	55.0	55.0
Inoculum	1.2	1.2	1.2

Variables	Methodology
Oxigen Chemical Demand (OCD)	APHA, 2012APHA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washinton, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, 32th ed.
Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN)	Malavolta et al. (1997)Malavolta E, Vitti GC, Oliveira SA (1997) Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: princípios e aplicações. 2. ed. Piracicaba, POTAFOS, 2 ed. 319 p.
Total Solid (TS) and Volatile Solids (VS)	APHA, 2012APHA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washinton, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, 32th ed.
pH and Electrical conductivity (EC)	Bench meter
Phosphorus (P)	Spectrometry (Malavolta et al., 1997Malavolta E, Vitti GC, Oliveira SA (1997) Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: princípios e aplicações. 2. ed. Piracicaba, POTAFOS, 2 ed. 319 p.)
Cellulose and Hemicellulose	Sequential method (Campos et al., 2004Campos FP, Nussio CMB, Nussio LG (2004) Métodos de análise de alimentos. Piracicaba, FEALQ, 135 p.)
K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn	Atomic absorption after digestion in nitro-perchloric acid (EMBRAPA, 2009EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (2009) Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. Embrapa, 2 ed.)

Substrate	Co-digestion (PL + SW + inoculum)			Digestion (PL + inoculum)
Substrate	CoAD6	CoAD7	CoAD8	AD6	AD7	AD8
TS (%)	7.3	7.3	7.2	6.3	6.2	6.4
VS (%)^* * Percentage of volatile solids in relation to the total solids amount.	74.8	73.3	77.5	79.0	69.9	80.5
pH	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1
EC (dS/m)	12.5	12.7	11.0	5.3	5.4	5.2
Cellulose (%)	46.6	47.3	46.1	55.1	50.3	53.1
Hemicellulose (%)	34.6	33.6	28.9	36.0	31.2	29.7
N (%)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
P (g L⁻¹)	8.8	9.4	10.9	5.6	7.0	7.0
K (g L⁻¹)	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.3	1.2	1.6
Na (g L⁻¹)	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ca (g L⁻¹)	4.2	4.6	5.1	3.8	4.1	4.4
Mg (g L⁻¹)	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mn (g L⁻¹)	7.6	8.9	9.6	5.4	6.7	6.9
Fe (mg L⁻¹)	31.1	35.3	37.6	22.3	37.5	28.4
Zn (mg L⁻¹)	14.3	17.7	24.8	7.2	6.0	2.9
Cu (mg L⁻¹)	10.2	15.7	16.0	1.4	1.1	1.7
OCD (mg L⁻¹)	91,271	89,389	93,643	71,392	77,282	80,473

	Total Volume (m³)	Biogas per kg of PL_added (m³kg⁻¹)	Biogas per kg of TS_added (m³kg⁻¹)	Biogas per kg of VS_added (m³kg⁻¹)
CoAD6	0.79 A a	0.197 A a	0.179 A a	0.241 A a
CoAD7	0.69 A ab	0.181 A ab	0.158 A a	0.217 A a
CoAD8	0.50 A b	0.133 A b	0.117 A b	0.151 A b
AD6	0.09 B b	0.022 B b	0.023 B b	0.030 B b
AD7	0.43 B a	0.112 B a	0.115 B a	0.166 B a
AD8	0.06 B b	0.015 B b	0.015 B b	0.020 B b

	CoAD6		CoAD7		CoAD8
	A	E	A	E	A	E
pH	7.75	7.87	7.75	7.86	7.80	7.72
EC (dS m⁻¹)	12.52	15.94	12.70	14.48	11.05	15.45
N (%)	0.22	0.26	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.24
P (g L⁻¹)	8.75	10.10	9.40	14.60	10.92	16.38
K (g L⁻¹)	1.56	1.81	1.58	1.71	1.78	1.85
Na (g L⁻¹)	0.75	0.47	0.76	0.46	0.82	0.43
Ca (g L⁻¹)	4.22	5.87	4.61	6.16	5.10	5.87
Mg (g L⁻¹)	0.21	0.22	0.23	0.40	0.27	0.26
Mn (mg L⁻¹)	7.57	20.42	8.93	22.76	9.63	11.62
Fe (mg L⁻¹)	31.05	45.56	35.33	82.18	37.64	30.92
Zn (mg L⁻¹)	14.34	37.77	17.70	47.83	24.77	22.15
Cu (mg L⁻¹)	10.21	19.17	15.74	21.41	16.04	10.65
	AD6		AD7		AD8
	A	E	A	E	A	E
pH	7.93	6.87	8.00	7.65	8.09	5.46
EC (dS m⁻¹)	5.35	9.30	5.39	7.96	5.23	11.76
N (%)	0.10	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.13	0.13
P (g L⁻¹)	5.58	6.18	6.98	6.52	7.02	9.33
K (g L⁻¹)	1.28	1.34	1.20	1.32	1.58	1.57
Na (g L⁻¹)	0.25	0.26	0.24	0.30	0.27	0.32
Ca (g L⁻¹)	3.84	4.19	4.09	4.85	4.39	5.84
Mg (g L⁻¹)	0.16	0.30	0.18	0.21	0.19	0.37
Mn (mg L⁻¹)	5.41	10.18	6.69	3.59	6.86	15.95
Fe (mg L⁻¹)	22.27	21.12	37.47	33.35	28.39	33.80
Zn (mg L⁻¹)	7.21	7.28	5.98	6.30	2.94	15.60
Cu (mg L⁻¹)	1.35	1.52	1.13	1.36	1.72	2.22

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
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[1] *Corresponding author. Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Parana State University/Cascavel-PR, Brazil. E-mail: monicasarollisilva@gmail.com