STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN MAIZE AND FORAGE GRASS INTERCROPPING UNDER NO-TILLAGE IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

Cagna, Camila P.; Calábria, Zieglenristen K. P.; Guedes, Osvaldo; Pacheco, Leandro P.; Silva, Tonny J. A. da

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n4p512-517/2019

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Scientific Papers, Agricultural Machinery Management • Eng. agríc. 39 (4) • Jul-Aug 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n4p512-517/2019 copy

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN MAIZE AND FORAGE GRASS INTERCROPPING UNDER NO-TILLAGE IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Integration of forage grasses with grain crops, such as maize, allows maintaining soil cover. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength, friability, and stability of soil aggregates in the maize and forage grass intercropping under no-tillage system. The study used a completely randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in two seasons (2015 and 2016) at 0–0.10 m and 0.10–0.20 m soil depth. The following properties of soil aggregates were measured: tensile strength (TS), friability (F), gravimetric moisture (GM), weighted mean diameter (WMD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and aggregate stability index (ASI). The intercropping of maize with Urochloa ruziziensis presented higher WMD and GMD at 0.10–0.20 m soil depth. Moreover, TS at 0.10–0.20 m soil depth was lower in maize without intercropping. The effects of the intercropping system on soil aggregates were better detected by aggregate stability than by TS or F. The intercropping of maize and U. ruziziensis improved soil aggregation to a higher extent than those systems with other forage grasses.

aggregate stability index; tensile strength; soil physical quality

Treatment	0–0.10 m				0.10–0.20 m

	WMD	GMD	ASI	OM (%)	WMD	GMD	ASI	OM (%)
P. maximum cv Tanzânia (PT)	2.21 a	1.86 a	89.99 a	1.66a	2.14 ab	1.80 ab	85.39 b	1.58 a
Maize without intercropping (WI)	2.15 a	1.80 a	88.05 a	1.64a	2.07 b	1.67 ab	85.03 b	1.61 a
U. humidicola (UH)	2.14 a	1.79 a	86.61 a	1.58a	2.17 ab	1.83 ab	88.33 ab	1.42 a
P. maximum cv Mombaça (PM)	2.21 a	1.91 a	90.29 a	1.62a	2.29 a	2.02 a	91.70 ab	1.50 a
U. brizantha cv. Marandú (UM)	2.15 a	1.78 a	87.87 a	1.67a	2.24 ab	1.91 ab	90.04 ab	1.40 a
U. decumbens (UD)	2.25 a	1.94 a	90.61 a	1.63a	2.23 ab	1.91 ab	89.16 ab	1.55 a
U. ruziziensis (UR)	2.15 a	1.79 a	88.50 a	1.94a	2.31 a	2.07 a	93.34 a	2.05 a

MSD	0.20	0.32	5.91	0.68	0.19	0.30	7.58	0.73

CV	7.62	14.55	5.78	13.61	8.62	16.32	8.62	18.28

Treatment	0–0.10 m				0.10–0.20 m

	WMD	GMD	ASI	OM (%)	WMD	GMD	ASI	OM (%)
P. maximum cv Tanzânia (PT)	1.92 a	1.06 ab	79.82 a	2.22ab	2.33 a	1.14 a	85.10 ab	1.79a
Maize without intercropping (WI)	1.61 a	0.99 b	69.04 b	2.12ab	1.90 c	1.05 b	76.57 b	1.92a
U. humidicola (UH)	1.85 a	1.04 ab	74.98 ab	2.20ab	2.28 abc	1.13 ab	83.54 ab	1.81a
P. maximum cv Mombaça (PM)	1.93 a	1.05 ab	76.69 ab	2.22ab	2.06 abc	1.08 ab	78.09 b	1.80a
U. brizantha cv. Marandú (UM)	2.00 a	1.07 a	78.77 a	2.16ab	1.93 bc	1.06 b	77.42 b	1.92a
U. decumbens (UD)	1.87 a	1.05 ab	76.99 ab	2.05b	2.19 abc	1.11 ab	82.28 ab	1.86a
U. ruziziensis (UR)	1.90 a	1.05 ab	78.82 a	2.45a	2.32 ab	1.14 a	87.60 a	1.91a

MSD	0.4	0.09	8.7	0.33	0.40	0.08	8.82	0.57

CV	17.71	6.26	9.81	7.67	17.61	7.07	10.33	10.46

Treatment	0–0.10 m			0.10–0.20 m

	TS	F	M	TS	F	M
P. maximum cv Tanzânia (PT)	73.71 a	0.89 a	0.023 a	79.83 a	0.86 a	0.016a
Maize without intercropping (WI)	92.12 a	0.76 a	0.018 a	66.13 a	0.98 a	0.017 a
U. humidicola (UH)	89.47 a	0.90 a	0.016 a	68.55 a	0.86 a	0.016 a
P. maximum cv Mombaça (PM)	93.97 a	0.72 a	0.016 a	83.34 a	0.79 a	0.016 a
U. brizantha cv. Marandú (UM)	97.11 a	0.80 a	0.016 a	71.84 a	0.94 a	0.018 a
U. decumbens (UD)	92.45 a	0.86 a	0.015 a	77.90 a	0.86 a	0.017 a
U. ruziziensis (UR)	84.57 a	0.69 a	0.016 a	79.10 a	0.79 a	0.017 a

MSD	31.85	0.29	0.013	27.43	0.29	0.003

CV	32.4	33.34	71.87	33.33	30.19	15.97

Treatment	0–0.10 m			0.10–0.20 m

	TS	F	M	TS	F	M
P. maximum cv Tanzânia (PT)	78.48 a	0.64 a	0.020 a	104.9 ab	0.93 a	0.018 a
Maize without intercropping (WI)	78.44 a	0.63 a	0.016 a	71.29 b	0.87 a	0.015 c
U. humidicola (UH)	92.84 a	0.75 a	0.018 a	127.04 a	0.85 a	0.016 abc
P. maximum cv Mombaça (PM)	76.49 a	0.89 a	0.029 a	79.53 b	0.83 a	0.015 bc
U. brizantha cv. Marandú (UM)	79.40 a	0.84 a	0.019 a	77.02 b	0.96 a	0.016 abc
U. decumbens (UD)	84.40 a	0.66 a	0.020 a	100.10 ab	0.82 a	0.016 abc
U. ruziziensis (UR)	97.95 a	0.72 a	0.022 a	99.76 ab	0.77 a	0.017 ab

MSD	25.41	0.33	0.018	40.86	0.29	0.003

CV	28.22	41.2	81.56	43.29	30.42	17.8

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] 2* Corresponding author. Universidade Federal do Paraná/ Curitiba - PR, Brasil. E-mail: zcalabria@hotmail.com