Depressive Symptoms in Pregnancy: The Influence of Social, Psychological and Obstetric Aspects

Moraes, Eleomar Vilela de; Campos, Rodolfo Nunes; Avelino, Mariza Martins

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1585072

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 38 (06) • June 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1585072 copy

Depressive Symptoms in Pregnancy: The Influence of Social, Psychological and Obstetric Aspects

Sintomas depressivos na gestação: influência dos aspectos social, comportamental, psicológico e obstétrico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their association with social, psychological, behavioral and obstetric characteristics in pregnant women.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 375 pregnant women who attended prenatal clinics in two public maternity hospitals located in the city of Goiania, Brazil. To testify the depressive symptoms, we used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using programs such as CDC EPI-INFO(tm), version 7.1.5, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), version 21.0.

Results

the patients had probable depressive symptoms (15.47%) and possible depressive symptoms (25.33%). The bivariate analysis showed a significant association among "depressive symptoms" and the following variables: "single or divorced" (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.26 to 3.44); "physical activity during pregnancy" (PR = 3.96; 95%CI = 1.28 to 12.31); exposure to "psychological/emotional" violence (PR = 4.74; 95%CI = 2.94 to 7.64); "prior mental problem" (PR = 2.66; 95%CI =1.49 to 4.73) and "obstetric complications during pregnancy" (PR = 2.53; 95%CI = 1.55 to 4.13). The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of these depressive symptoms with the variables "suffered psychological/emotional violence" (odds ratio, OR = 5.821; 95%CI = 2.939 to 11.528); "physical activity during pregnancy" (OR = 3.885; 95%CI = 1.060 to 14.231); "obstetric complications during pregnancy" (OR = 2.442; 95%CI = 1.233 to 4.834) and "single or divorced" (OR = 2.943; 95%CI = 1.326 to 6.533).

Conclusions

the prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women is of 15.47%, and emotional violence is the main factor associated with gestational depression.

Keywords:
prenatal depression; pregnancy; prevalence; cross-sectional studies; public health

Characteristics	Depressive Symptoms**				Statistics
	Yes		No		Statistics
	n	%	n	%	PR (95%CI)	P
Age Group ***
19 to 26	30/212	14.15	182/212	85.85	0.83(0.52–1.34)	0.454*
27 to 55	27/159	16.98	132/159	83.02
Single/divorced
Yes	16/58	27.59	42/58	72.41	2.08(1.26–3.44)	0.005*
No	42/317	13.25	275/317	86.75
Years of education***
≤ 8 years of education	18/85	21.18	67/85	78.82	1.55(0.93–2.58)	0.090*
> 8 years of education	38/279	13.62	241/279	86.38
Family income***
≤ three minimum wages****	41/272	15.07	231/272	84.93	0.70(0.33–1.51)	0.379*
> three minimum wages ****	6/28	21.43	22/28	78.57
Religious ***
No	9/48	18.75	39/48	81.25	1.23(0.65–2.34)	0.533*
Yes	48/315	15.24	267/315	84.76

HAD-D Subscales* (7 items)	n (%)	CA	Obt int	Median	Average (SD)**
		0.73	0–18	7	6.87 (4.03)
Improbable (0–7 points)	222 (59.20)
Possible/doubtful (8–11 points)	95 (25.33)
Probable (12–21 points)	58 (15.47)

Characteristics	Depressive symptoms***				Statistics
	Yes		No		Statistics
	n	%	n	%	PR (95%CI)	p
Behavioral variable
Physical activity during pregnancy
No	53/303	17.49	250/303	82.51	3.96 (1.28–12.31)	0.006*
Yes	3/68	4.41	65/68	95.59
Psychiatric history
Previous mental problem
Yes	9/24	37.50	15/24	62.50	2.66 (1.49–4.73)	0.002*
No	49/347	14.12	298/347	85.88
Previous family depression
Yes	18/80	22.50	62/80	77.50	1.68 (1.02–2.78)	0.046*
No	38/284	13.38	246/284	86.62
Violence variables
Suffered physical violence
Yes	4/11	36.36	7/11	63.64	2.43 (1.07–5.52)	0.075**
No	54/363	14.96	307/361	85.04
Suffered psychological/emotional violence
Yes	36/96	37.50	60/96	62.50	4.74 (2.94–7.64)	0.001*
No	22/278	7.91	256/278	92.09
Obstetrical variables
Obstetric complications in the current pregnancy
Yes	35/141	24.82	106/141	75.18	2.53 (1.55–4.13)	0.001*
No	22/224	9.82	202/224	90.18

Characteristics	Statistic
Characteristics	OR	(95%CI)	p
Violence variables
Suffered psychological/emotional violence	5.821	2.939–11.528	0.001
Suffered physical violence	0.997	0.244–4.084	0.997
Behavioral variable
Physical activity during pregnancy	3.885	1.060–14.231	0.041
Psychological variables
Previous mental problem	2.774	0.904–8.511	0.074
Previous family depression	1.055	0.473–2.350	0.897
Obstetrical variable
Obstetric complications in the current pregnancy	2.442	1.233–4.834	0.010
Social variables
Single/Separated	2.943	1.326–6.533	0.008
Years of education	1.483	0.707–3.114	0.297

Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Av. Brigadeiro Luís Antônio, 3421, sala 903 - Jardim Paulista, 01401-001 São Paulo SP - Brasil, Tel. (55 11) 5573-4919 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: editorial.office@febrasgo.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Address for correspondence Ms. Eleomar Vilela de Moraes, MSc, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 1av. s/n - S. Universitário, 74605-020, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil (e-mail: veleomar@gmail.com).