ESTIMATING YIELD LOSSES AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD LEVEL OF <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> IN FORAGE SORGHUM

ASIF, M.; AYUB, M.; TANVEER, A.; AKHTAR, J.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582017350100038

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Article • Planta daninha 35 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582017350100038 copy

ESTIMATING YIELD LOSSES AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD LEVEL OF Parthenium hysterophorus IN FORAGE SORGHUM

Estimativa das Perdas de Rendimento e Nível de Dano Econômico de Parthenium hysterophorus em Sorgo Forrageiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

A field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate the effect of different parthenium densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 plants m-2) on the yield and yield components of forage sorghum along with parthenium economic threshold level. The experiment was laid out during the summer in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Different parthenium densities reduced yield and yield components of forage sorghum, as the parthenium density increased significant decline in yield and yield components. The highest parthenium density (16 plants m-2) reduced plant height by 17.19% and 15.32%, stem diameter by 31.79% and 28.10%, leaf area per plant by 18.88% and 10.16%, leaf to stem ratio by 51.01% and 45.03% and fresh fodder yield by 24.97% and 26.49% throughout 2013 and 2014, respectively. Parthenium relative competitive index (RCI), dry weight and nutrient uptake (NPK) also increased as parthenium density increased. The suggested economic threshold level of parthenium was 2.2 and 1.6 plants m-2 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Thus, control the parthenium at this density level is suggested for achieving high yield of good quality sorghum fodder.

Keywords:
Sorghum bicolor; Parthenium hysterophorus; weed competition; yield losses; threshold density.

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <a_uaf2006@yahoo.com>

Fresh fodder yield (ton ha^-1)		Leaf/stem ratio		Leaf area/plant (cm)		Stem diameter (cm)		Plant height (cm)		Parthenium weed density (m^-2)
2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013
54.57 a	56.19 a	0.362 a	0.347 a	3002.4 a	3035.1 a	1.00 a	1.06 a	253.50 a	265.60 a	(Control)
54.00 ab	55.85 a	0.360 a	0.332 ab	2996.0 ab	3006.5 ab	1.00 a	1.02 ab	252.40 a	265.25 ab	2
52.11 abc	53.43 ab	0.339 ab	0.299 ab	2985.7 ab	2982.9 bc	0.975 a	1.01 ab	248.43 ab	253.05 abc	4
50.01 abc	51.18 bc	0.311 bc	0.339 ab	2974.3 bc	2973.1 cd	0.942 ab	0.95 bc	241.55 abc	250.25 abc	6
46.11 abcd	49.13 cd	0.289 c	0.277 b	2962.3 cd	2963.7 cde	0.901 bc	0.92 c	235.67 bc	249.11 bc	8
45.56 bcd	47.15 de	0.243 d	0.209 c	2944.5 de	2950.6 def	0.856 cd	0.872 cd	229.46 cd	240.45 cd	10
43.57 cd	45.84 de	0.232 de	0.213 c	2931.4 ef	2944.4 def	0.821 de	0.808 de	221.67 de	232.40 de	12
40.2 d	43.94 ef	0.201 e	0.189 c	2919.9 f	2933.3 ef	0.757 ef	0.782 ef	219.34 de	220.41 e	14
40.14 d	42.16 f	0.199 e	0.170 c	2909.6 f	2929.4 f	0.719 f	0.723 f	214.67 e	219.68 e	16
8.88	3.47	0.037	0.064	23.05	32.04	0.069	0.075	12.98	16.22	HSD
47.36 B	49.43 A	0.282 A	0.264 B	2958.5 B	2968.8 A	0.886 B	0.903 A	235.19 B	244.02 A	Year
1.348		0.015		7.355		0.014		3.015		HSD
Trend comparison
**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	Linear

K uptake		P uptake		N uptake		Weed dry wt.		Parthenium weed density (m^-2)
(ton ha^-1)				(Parthenium)
2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013
10.20 e	7.90 f	2.86 e	2.14 e	14.81 e	11.64 f	31.76 g	25.50 g	2
13.93 de	11.26 e	3.88 de	2.88 d	20.22 d	16.90 e	43.67 fg	37.50 f	4
16.96 cd	14.07 de	4.60 d	3.33 cd	24.80 cd	21.48 de	53.78 ef	48.50 e	6
18.65 c	16.09 cd	4.90 cd	3.38 cd	27.07 c	24.64 d	59.87 de	56.25 e	8
20.69 c	19.05 c	5.11 bcd	3.79 bc	29.89 c	29.37 c	66.87 d	68.00 d	10
26.22 b	22.32 b	6.23 abc	4.29 ab	38.72 b	34.61 b	87.78 c	81.75 c	12
29.86 ab	24.84 ab	6.33 ab	4.26 ab	44.23 a	37.97 ab	101.76 b	92.75 b	14
33.63 a	27.54 a	6.87 a	4.47 a	49.52 a	42.10 a	115.98 a	104.75 a	16
4.482	3.025	1.415	0.684	5.332	4.614	11.99	10.31	HSD
21.27A	17.89 B	5.10 A	3.57 B	31.15 A	27.34 B	70.18 A	64.37 B	Year
0.838		0.259		1.116		2.37		HSD
**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	Linear
NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	Quadratic
NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	Cubic

ET (plants m^-2)	H	L	P (US$ ton^-1)	Y_o (t ha^-1)	C_h+C_a (US$)	Year
2.2	0.95	0.0191	9.15	56.2	13.09 + 7.15	2013
1.6	0.95	0.0251	10	56.2	14.28 + 7.75	2014