Weeds Associated to Different Genotypes of Cocoa in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

ALMEIDA, J.F.; GARCÍA, G.P.; PÉREZ, R.A.; BRITO, J.D.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582018360100042

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Article • Planta daninha 36 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582018360100042 copy

Weeds Associated to Different Genotypes of Cocoa in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

Plantas Daninhas Associadas a Diferentes Genótipos se Cacau na Região Amazônica Equatoriana

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This work was conducted in the Centro de Pesquisa, Pós-graduação e Preservação Amazônica (CIPCA), located in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, with the goal to analyze the presence of weeds in promising clones of cocoa. The EET-95, EET-96 and EET-103 promising clones were evaluated, and the control sample was CCN-51. To do so, the relative frequency and distribution of the existing weeds were determined, as well as their biomass, which was statistically analyzed by the ANOVA of a factor and the HSD Tukey’s test. The presence of weeds was influenced by the studied genotypes, due to the fact that promising clones were associated to high frequency and distribution, such as Cyperus odoratus, Megathyrsus maximus, Sauvagesia erecta ssp. erecta. Other species appeared to be associated more to the CCN-51 clone, such as Scleria pterota, Paspalum conjugatuns and Rottboellia cochinchinensis. Higher weed biomass was verified in clone CCN-51.

Keywords:
biomass; clones; distribution; frequency; Theobroma cacao

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author: <jfreile@uea.edu.ec>

Weed	Family	EET-95	EET-96	EET-103	CCN-51
Scientific name	Family	(Rf%)
Achyranthes aspera L.	Amaranthaceae	80	100	90	50
Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg.	Fabaceae	20	30	20	20
Baccharis lanceolata Kunth	Asteraceae	10	0	10	0
Cyperus odoratus L.	Cyperaceae	100	100	100	50
Cyperus rotundus L.	Cyperaceae	20	20	0	0
Corchorus orinocensis Kunth	Malvaceae	0	10	0	0
Desmodium ovalifolium Prain	Fabaceae	10	10	10	0
Digitaria decumbens Stent	Poaceae	70	80	70	40
Dichondra repens (Forst e Forst)	Convolvulaceae	0	30	30	10
Eclipta alba L.	Asteraceae	20	30	40	10
Euphorbia chamaesyce L.	Euphorbiaceae	0	20	0	0
Leptochloa chloridiformis Parodi	Poaceae	10	0	90	0
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon and S.W. L. Jacobs	Poaceae	100	80	100	20
Paspalum conjugatum Bergins	Poaceae	0	0	0	50
Pothomorphe umbellata (L) Miq.	Piperaceae	10	0	0	0
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour) Clayton	Poaceae	0	0	0	30
Sauvagesia erecta L. ssp. erecta	Ochnaceae	60	90	100	50
Sida acuta L. Burmf	Malvaceae	10	10	0	80
Scleria pterota Presl.	Cyperaceae	0	0	0	50
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster.	Poaceae	20	60	50	20
Veronica officinalis L.	Scrophulariaceae	60	70	100	60
Xanthosoma undipes Koch	Araceae	0	10	10	0

Weed	Family	EET-95	EET-96	EET-103	CCN-51
Scientific name	Family	(Rd%)
Achyranthes aspera L.	Amaranthaceae	5.60	6.20	4.70	5.20
Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg.	Fabaceae	8.80	3.00	5.60	4.00
Baccharis lanceolata Kunth	Asteraceae	0.06	0.00	0.05	0.00
Cyperus odoratus L.	Cyperaceae	9.40	10.70	14.40	8.00
Cyperus rotundus L.	Cyperaceae	0.10	0.50	0.46	0.00
Corchorus orinocensis Kunth	Malvaceae	0.00	3.90	0.00	0.00
Desmodium ovalifolium Prain	Fabaceae	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.00
Digitaria decumbens Stent	Poaceae	4.20	6.00	3.00	1.90
Dichondra repens (Forst e Forst)	Convolvulaceae	0.00	1.90	2.90	1.00
Eclipta alba L.	Asteraceae	0.31	0.90	0.40	0.15
Euphorbia chamaesyce L.	Euphorbiaceae	0.00	0.90	0.00	0.00
Leptochloa chloridiformis Parodi	Poaceae	0.40	0.00	5.50	0.00
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon and S.W. L. Jacobs	Poaceae	51.40	27.30	23.64	2.40
Paspalum conjugatum Bergins	Poaceae	0.00	0.00	0.00	10.1
Pothomorphe umbellata (L) Miq.	Piperaceae	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour) Clayton	Poaceae	0.00	0.00	0.00	18.0
Sauvagesia erecta L. ssp. Erecta	Ochnaceae	3.00	6.20	6.80	5.50
Sida acuta L. Burmf	Malvaceae	0.08	0.00	0.00	20.75
Scleria pterota Presl.	Cyperaceae	0.00	0.00	0.00	9.90
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster.	Poaceae	0.10	3.90	3.60	5.30
Veronica officinalis L.	Scrophulariaceae	16.00	28.40	28.47	17.0
Xanthosoma undipes Koch	Araceae	0.00	0.06	0.10	0.00

Weed	Family	EET-95	EET-96	EET-103	CCN-51
Scientific name	Family	(Ind m^-2)
Achyranthes aspera L.	Amaranthaceae	8.9	10.3	8.1	10.6
Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg.	Fabaceae	14.1	5.0	9.7	8.1
Baccharis lanceolata Kunth	Asteraceae	0.1	0	0.1	0
Cyperus odoratus L.	Cyperaceae	15.1	17.7	24.7	16.3
Cyperus rotundus L.	Cyperaceae	0.2	0.8	0.8	0
Corchorus orinocensis Kunth	Malvaceae	0	6.5	0	0
Desmodium ovalifolium Prain	Fabaceae	0.1	0.1	0.1	0
Digitaria decumbens Stent	Poaceae	6.8	10	5.2	4
Dichondra repens (Forst e Forst)	Convolvulaceae	0	3.1	5.1	2.12
Eclipta alba L.	Asteraceae	0.6	1.6	0.8	0.32
Euphorbia chamaesyce L.	Euphorbiaceae	0	1.6	0	0
Leptochloa chloridiformis Parodi	Poaceae	0.7	0	9.5	0
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon and S.W. L. Jacobs	Poaceae	82.2	45.3	40.6	10.2
Paspalum conjugatum Bergins	Poaceae	0	0	0	20.6
Pothomorphe umbellata (L) Miq.	Piperaceae	0.1	0	0	0
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour) Clayton	Poaceae	0	0	0	8.8
Sauvagesia erecta L. ssp. Erecta	Ochnaceae	4.7	10.2	11.7	11.2
Sida acuta L. Burmf	Malvaceae	0.08	0	0	20.75
Scleria pterota Presl.	Cyperaceae	0	0	0	20.1
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster.	Poaceae	0.2	6.5	6.2	10.8
Veronica officinalis L.	Scrophulariaceae	25.9	47.1	48.9	30.5
Xanthosoma undipes Koch	Araceae	0	0.1	0.2	0