Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

HELGUEIRA, D.B.; D’AVILA ROSA, T.; GALON, L.; MOURA, D.S.; MARTINI, A.T.; PINTO, J.J.O.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582018360100141

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Article • Planta daninha 36 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582018360100141 copy

Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

Manejo de Plantas Daninhas em Arroz Irrigado por Aspersão e Inundação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

Keywords:
Clearfield system; Oryza sativa; persistence

Authorship

D.B. HELGUEIRA ^** Corresponding author: <diogobalbe@gmail.com>

Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilCapão do Leão, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.

T. D’AVILA ROSA

L. GALON

Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS)BrazilErechim, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, RS, Brazil.

D.S. MOURA

A.T. MARTINI

J.J.O. PINTO

* Corresponding author: <diogobalbe@gmail.com>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Minimum (●), maximum (○), and average (▼) temperatures (oC) and precipitations (mm) accumulated during the experimental period from September 2012 to March 2013. Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.

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Table 1
Soil physicochemical characteristics of the experimental area (Planosol)

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Table 2
Control of the weeds red rice (Oryza sativa L.), cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), jointvetch (Aeschynomene denticulata), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in the irrigated rice as a function of the sprinkler and flood irrigation management at 7, 14, 21, and 60 days after herbicide application

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Table 3
Phytotoxicity in irrigated rice under sprinkler and flood irrigation management at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application

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Table 4
Initial stand and grain productivity of irrigated rice as a function of sprinkler and flood irrigation management and herbicide treatments

Figure 1 Minimum (●), maximum (○), and average (▼) temperatures (oC) and precipitations (mm) accumulated during the experimental period from September 2012 to March 2013. Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.

Source: Weather station of the Embrapa Clima Temperado (2017Embrapa Clima Temperado. Dados meteorológicos. Estação Meteorológica Automática Instalada no Posto Meteorológico da Sede da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Capão do Leão/RS. [acessado em: 28 ago. 2017]. Disponível em: Disponível em: http://agromet.cpact.embrapa.br/ .
http://agromet.cpact.embrapa.br/... ).

Table 1 Soil physicochemical characteristics of the experimental area (Planosol)

pH_water	Clay	OM	Phosphorus	Potassium	Calcium	Magnesium	Aluminum
(1:1)	(%)		(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)
5.7	16	1.3	6.7	43	4.3	2.0	0.1

Table 2 Control of the weeds red rice (Oryza sativa L.), cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), jointvetch (Aeschynomene denticulata), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in the irrigated rice as a function of the sprinkler and flood irrigation management at 7, 14, 21, and 60 days after herbicide application

Treatment	Control (%)
	Dose	Sprinkler		Flood
	(g a.i. ha^-1)	Sprinkler		Flood
		7 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	d⁽⁵⁾A⁽⁴⁾	0	cA
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	83.75	abA	82.50	bA
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	83.75	abA	92.50	aA
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	80.00	bcA	87.50	abA
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	83.75	abA	82.50	bA
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	73.75	cB	87.50	abA
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	80.00	bcA	86.25	abA
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	22.5 + 12.5	91.25	aA	92.50	aA
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75 + 12.25	92.50	aA	92.50	aA
		14 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	c⁽⁵⁾A⁽⁴⁾	0	cA
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	92.50	abA	93.75	abA
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	90.00	abB	100.0	aA
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	93.75	abA	98.75	aA
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	96.25	aA	87.50	bB
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	86.25	bB	97.50	aA
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	95.00	abA	97.50	aA
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	32.5 + 12.5	95.75	aA	100.0	aA
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75 + 12.25	98.75	aA	100.0	aA
		21 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	d⁽⁵⁾A⁽⁴⁾	0	bA
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	96.25	bB	100.00	aA
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	100.00	aA	100.00	aA
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	100.00	aA	100.00	aA
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	100.00	aA	100.00	aA
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	93.75	cB	100.00	aA
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	98.75	aA	100.00	aA
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	32.5 + 12.5	98.25	abA	100.00	aA
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75 + 12.25	99.50	aA	100.00	aA
		60 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	b⁽⁵⁾A⁽⁴⁾	0	bA
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	97.50	aA	99.00	aA
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	100.00	aA	100.00	aA
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	99.00	aA	98.75	aA
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	100.00	aA	99.50	aA
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	97.00	aB	100.00	aA
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	99.50	aA	100.00	aA
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	32.5 + 12.5	98.25	aA	100.00	aA
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75+12.25	99.00	aA	99.50	aA

(1) Post-emergence - rice plants with 3 to 4 leaves. (2) Pre-emergence - after sowing irrigated rice. (3) Days after herbicide application. (4) Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by the Student t-test (p≤0.05). (5) Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by the Tukey’s test (p≤0.05).

Table 3 Phytotoxicity in irrigated rice under sprinkler and flood irrigation management at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application

Treatment	Control (%)
	Dose	Sprinkler		Flood
	(g a.i. ha^-1)	Sprinkler		Flood
		7 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	c⁽⁴⁾	0	D
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	10.00	a	7.50	Abc
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	10.00	a	8.75	Ab
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	8.75	ab	7.50	Abc
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	11.25	a	10.00	A
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	10.00	a	10.00	A
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	8.75	ab	8.75	Ab
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	22.5 + 12.5	3.75	bc	2.50	Cd
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75 + 12.25	1.25	c	3.75	Bcd
		14 DAH⁽³⁾
T1 - control	-	0	e⁽⁵⁾A⁽⁴⁾	0	cA
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	8.75	abcA	2.50	bcB
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	8.75	abcA	3.75	abcA
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	7.50	bcdA	5.00	abcA
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	7.50	bcdA	8.75	aA
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	12.50	abA	2.50	bcB
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	13.75	aA	6.25	abB
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	32.5 + 12.5	3.75	cdeA	1.25	bcA
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75 + 12.25	2.50	deA	3.75	abcA

(1) Post-emergence - rice plants with 3 to 4 leaves. (2) Pre-emergence - after sowing irrigated rice. (3) Days after herbicide application. (4) Means followed by different uppercase letters in the row differ from each other by the Student t-test (p≤0.05). (5) Means followed by different lowercase letters in the column differ from each other by the Tukey’s test (p≤0.05).

Table 4 Initial stand and grain productivity of irrigated rice as a function of sprinkler and flood irrigation management and herbicide treatments

Treatment	Dose	Initial stand (plants m^-2)	Grain productivity⁽⁵⁾
Treatment	(g a.i. ha^-1)	Initial stand (plants m^-2)	(kg ha^-1)
T1 - control	-	232 ^ns(3)	6671.37	c⁽⁴⁾
T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	75.0 + 25.0	288	8490.41	ab
T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	150.0 + 50.0	272	7761.85	abc
T4 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	73.5 + 24.5	243	7532.02	bc
T5 - imazapyr + imazapic⁽¹⁾	147.0 + 49.0	267	7714.43	abc
T6 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	106.0	271	7863.62	abc
T7 - imazethapyr⁽¹⁾	212.0	279	7946.68	abc
T8 - imazethapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	32.5 + 12.5	260	7912.17	abc
T9 - imazapyr + imazapic^(1,2)	36.75+12.25	281	8926.78	a
Sprinkler			269 ^ns(3)	---
Flood			261	7868.82
Mean			265	7868.82
CV (%)			19.73	11.76

(1) Post-emergence - rice plants with 3 to 4 leaves. (2) Pre-emergence - after sowing irrigated rice. (3) Not significant (p³0.05). (4) Means followed by different letters in the column differ from each other by Tukey’s test (p≤0.05). (5) Productivity of irrigated rice in the flood system.

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[1] * Corresponding author: <diogobalbe@gmail.com>