Quality pattern evaluation of frozen soursop pulps: an assessment based on chemical composition and chemometric analysis

NASCIMENTO, Madson Moreira; JESUS, Raildo Mota de; SANTOS, Herick Macedo; SILVA JUNIOR, André Luiz Sampaio da; CAMPOS, Nícolas Mateus Cosme Oliveira; SILVA, Erik Galvão Paranhos da; LÔBO, Ivon Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/fst.04919

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 40 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.04919 copy

Quality pattern evaluation of frozen soursop pulps: an assessment based on chemical composition and chemometric analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In the present study, the physicochemical properties and mineral composition of commercially-frozen soursop pulps from the southern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were evaluated. The physicochemical parameters such as soluble solids (°Brix), acidity and pH were determined according to reference methodologies. For mineral composition evaluation, samples were digested in a closed microwave system and the elements K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn were quantified through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Soluble solids content ranged from 4.77 to 15.37 °Brix among the different brands of analyzed frozen pulps. Titratable acidity (equivalent to citric acid) and pH ranged from 0.49 to 1.00 and 3.61 to 4.57, respectively. Some samples presented irregularities in regard to quality pattern established in the Brazilian legislation. The following range of concentration, in μg g^-1, were found for essential elements: K (544-1761), P (44.3-139), S (71.8-174), Ca (24.3-77.0), Mg (47.2-132), Fe (1.40-4.05), Mn (0.32-1.22), Cu (0.30-0.88) and Zn (0.36-0.84). The use of principal component analysis (PCA) enabled a more in-depth data analysis, performing correlations between different variables and frozen pulp brands.

Keywords:
Annona muricata L.; frozen soursop pulp; physicochemical properties; essential elements; multivariate statistics; principal component analysis

Variable	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
Fe	-0.034573	-0.089910	-0.018713	0.282167	0.918602
Cu	0.219636	0.357069	-0.145453	-0.262440	0.767703
Zn	0.534128	0.427529	0.544578	-0.224356	0.174464
Mn	0.204478	0.052150	-0.919615	0.075678	0.102492
K	0.752325	-0.114967	-0.496354	0.259584	0.241380
P	-0.246007	0.662482	0.195955	-0.373642	0.126840
S	-0.036661	0.930799	-0.102480	-0.001830	-0.034524
Ca	0.930690	-0.039001	0.010769	0.118746	0.058788
Mg	0.955766	0.069095	-0.194925	0.034954	0.028330
TA	0.435406	0.632556	0.226584	0.443317	0.214355
pH	-0.184422	0.047453	0.222564	-0.896579	-0.159563
°Brix	0.743181	0.036339	0.133086	0.570815	-0.098226
SS/TA	0.534601	-0.395176	-0.033997	0.362871	-0.235461
Total variance (%)	35.45994	20.78962	13.29450	8.87633	8.06879
Cumulative (%)	35.45994	56.24956	69.54406	78.42039	86.48917

Brand	Physicochemical properties
Brand	TA (g citric acid 100 g^-1)	pH	SS (°Brix)	SS/TA
NP	0.49 ± 0.03	4.57 ± 0.11	4.77 ± 1.24	6.28 ± 1.73
IF	0.83 ± 0.02	4.18 ± 0.02	7.90 ± 0.09	6.16 ± 0.38
E	1.00 ± 0.08	3.93 ± 0.01	9.63 ± 0.10	6.16 ± 0.51
DM	0.80 ± 0.03	4.05 ± 0.02	9.23 ± 0.22	5.68 ± 0.38
M	0.77 ± 0.40	4.28 ± 0.02	6.60 ± 0.09	6.65 ± 0.32
N	0.71 ± 0.05	4.20 ± 0.03	9.37 ± 0.33	8.46 ± 0.65
BF	0.90 ± 0.07	4.01 ± 0.04	10.23 ± 0.58	7.31 ± 0.57
S	0.95 ± 0.10	4.12 ± 0.02	9.77 ± 0.43	5.97 ± 0.47
IT	0.89 ± 0.01	4.03 ± 0.01	15.37 ± 0.18	11.02 ± 0.15
R	0.78 ± 0.07	3.75 ± 0.01	10.51 ± 0.29	8.55 ± 0.65
BJ	0.71 ± 0.09	3.71 ± 0.02	9.53 ± 1.26	8.62 ± 0.75
FN	0.85 ± 0.03	3.85 ± 0.06	11.21 ± 1.09	8.47 ± 1.04
BP	0.78 ± 0.08	3.61 ± 0.01	9.53 ± 0.13	7.88 ± 0.72

Element	Linear range (mg L^-1)	Linearity (R²)	RSD (%)	LOD (mg kg^-1)	LOQ (mg kg^-1)	NIST SRM 1515 (Apple Leaves)
Element	Linear range (mg L^-1)	Linearity (R²)	RSD (%)	LOD (mg kg^-1)	LOQ (mg kg^-1)	Experimental values	Certified Values
K	1.46-50	0.9996	0.2-6.9	0.18	4.59	15711 ± 27	16080 ± 210
P	0.16-20	0.9995	0.3-9.1	0.15	0.50	16293 ± 108	NC
S	0.46-20	0.9993	0.2-9.5	0.43	1.44	1867 ± 63	1593 ± 68
Ca	1.46-40	0.9995	0.6-9.7	1.38	4.59	15442 ± 330	15250 ± 100
Mg	0.55-40	0.9901	0.2-9.3	0.52	1.70	2708 ± 81	2710 ± 120
Fe	0.1-2.5	1.0000	0.0-9.2	0.09	0.30	81.7 ± 4.5	82.7 ± 2.6
Cu	0.005-0.5	0.9997	0.3-9.1	0.005	0.015	5.6 ± 0.3	5.69 ± 0.13
Zn	0.016-0.5	0.9998	0.1-6.2	0.015	0.051	12.6 ± 0.4	12.45 ± 0.43
Mn	0.005-0.375	0.9995	0.2-5.7	0.005	0.015	54.2 ± 1.5	54.1 ± 1.1

Brand	Element /μg g^-1
Brand	K	P	S	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Mn
NP	544 ± 39	110 ± 7	101 ± 23	25.3 ± 1.7	47.2 ± 2.7	1.40 ± 0.21	0.35 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.19
IF	947 ± 18	139 ± 3	94.7 ± 2.5	29.4 ± 1.2	63.7 ± 1.7	3.32 ± 0.37	0.77 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02
E	855 ± 18	123 ± 3	174 ± 5	36.9 ± 6.2	67.3 ± 1.5	2.49 ± 0.15	0.52 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.01
DM	1325 ± 50	64.0 ± 3.3	75.4 ± 4.1	45.6 ± 2.5	90.8 ± 4.7	3.25 ± 0.08	0.39 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.01
M	1164 ± 29	67.9 ± 2.0	71.8 ± 2.5	47.4 ± 1.7	85.8 ± 2.4	1.68 ± 0.12	0.43 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.02
N	1539 ± 54	84.7 ± 5.6	90.7 ± 5.2	50.1 ± 3.6	106 ± 5	3.03 ± 0.10	0.75 ± 0.02	0.50 ± 0.02	0.72 ± 0.02
BF	1392 ± 45	66.4 ± 3.1	84.2 ± 3.9	65.8 ± 3.4	105 ± 5	2.62 ± 0.16	0.54 ± 0.02	0.84 ± 0.03	0.38 ± 0.02
S	1582 ± 39	106 ± 14	172 ± 13	73.8 ± 18.6	132 ± 7	2.38 ± 0.67	0.88 ± 0.20	0.73 ± 0.08	0.73 ± 0.02
IT	1468 ± 35	79.6 ± 1.9	72.7 ± 1.7	77.0 ± 3.8	132 ± 3	1.58 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.01
R	1542 ± 35	66.1 ± 5.2	72.9 ± 5.0	58.8 ± 7.5	92.4 ± 3.4	4.05 ± 1.65	0.68 ± 0.14	0.48 ± 0.07	0.77 ± 0.06
BJ	1536 ± 123	82.6 ± 8.4	82.1 ± 9.8	58.4 ± 4.2	102 ± 10	2.29 ± 0.23	0.53 ± 0.17	0.36 ± 0.03	0.77 ± 0.07
FN	1761 ± 256	80.3 ± 6.8	117.9 ± 24	51.4 ± 3.5	114 ± 9	2.66 ± 0.32	0.58 ± 0.06	0.43 ± 0.02	1.22 ± 0.39
BP	1243 ± 11	44.3 ± 0.8	88.6 ± 2.0	47.3 ± 0.8	70.1 ± 1.0	2.60 ± 0.16	0.34 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.004	0.61 ± 0.01

Element	Range of concentration/mg 100 g^-1	RDI/mg day^-1		RDI estimated contribution/%
Element	Range of concentration/mg 100 g^-1	Children^a a childrens 7-10 years (ANVISA);	Adults	Children	Adults
Mn	0.027-0.173	1.5	2.3	1.8-11.5	1.2-7.5
Fe	0.114-0.615	9	14	1.3-6.8	0.6-3.2
Cu	0.030-0.114	0.44	0.9	6.8-25.9	3.3-12.6
Zn	0.0325-0.0857	5.6	7.0	0.6-1.5	0.4-1.2
Mg	4.38-13.5	100	260	4.38-13.5	1.7-5.2
K	49.6-208	nd	1600^b b value established in Kohlmeier (2015). nd = not available data; RDI = recommended daily intake.	-	3.8-16.0
Ca	2.43-8.0	700	1000	0.3-1.1	0.2-0.8
P	4.33-14.0	1250	700	0.3-1.1	0.6-2.0
S	6.76-17.8	nd	nd	-	-

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[1] *Corresponding author: rmota@uesc.br