The effect of an initiation to struggles structured program on the physical capacities, visual attention and school performance in elementary school children

Silva, Harrison Vinícius Amaral da; Nascimento, Tárcio Amancio do; Lima, Tatiane Melo de; Costa, André dos Santos

doi:10.1016/j.rbce.2018.04.012

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Original article • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte 41 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2018.04.012 copy

The effect of an initiation to struggles structured program on the physical capacities, visual attention and school performance in elementary school children

O efeito de um programa estruturado de iniciação as lutas sobre as capacidades físicas, a atenção visual e o desempenho escolar em crianças do ensino fundamental

El efecto de un programa estructurado de iniciación a la lucha en las capacidades físicas, la atención visual y el rendimiento escolar en niños de enseñanza primaria

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To verify the effect of an initiation to struggle program (ISP) in the psychobiological aspects in elementary school children.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with 52 children divided in two groups: Control (CG, n = 26, they did not participate in the ISP) and Intervention (IG, n = 26, they participate in the ISP). The ISP was based on opposition children's games with struggles’ characteristic. The TAVIS-4 program (to evaluate visual attention), the TDE (Scholar Performance Test) and the PROESP-BR tests (to evaluate physical capacities) were utilized in this study.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the physical capacities, visual attention and scholar performance.

Conclusion

The ISP seems to be positive in aspects of child's development.

Keywords
Child; Cognition; Physical education; Child development

CHILDREN GAMES AND OPPOSITION GAMES	SESSIONS
BALANCE; VELOCITY AND AGILITY	6
DODGE; GRAB; OBJECTS AND TERRITORY CONQUERING	6
RETENTION; IMOBILIZATION; RESISTANCE AND STERENGTH	6
MIXED ACTIVITES FROM ALL CONTENTS	6
TOTAL	24

	Control	Intervention	Independent T test
	n = 26	n = 26	T value	p value
Age, years	10.54 (0.21)	9.85 (0.19)	-2.405	0.02^* * Statistic significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE).
BMI, kg/m ²	18.59 (0.78)	18.78 (0.68)	0.183	0.85
Eutrophic, percentage	15 (57.7)	14 (53.8)	-	-
Overweight, percentage	10 (38.5)	9 (34.6)	-	-
Obese, percentage	1 (3.8)	3 (11.5)	-	-
Gender, ♂/♀, percentage	10 (38.5)/16 (61.5)	15 (57.7)/11 (42.3)	-	-
Sexual maturation, percentage
Pre-puberty (Stage 1 and 2)	7 (26.9)/7 (26.9)	10 (38.5)/7 (26.9)	-	-
Puberty (Stages 3)	12 (46.2)	4 (15.4)/3 (11.5)	-	-
Post-puberty (Stage 4 and 5)	-	1(3.8)	-	-
Videogame, min	104.42 (18.83)	111.92 (15.34)	0.309	0.75
3DPAR, min	70.0 (8.41)	66.92 (11.68)	-0.214	0.83
Sedentary, percentage	12 (46.2)	13 (50)	-	-
Physically active, percentage	14 (53.8)	13 (50)	-	-

	Control (n = 26)		Intervention (n = 26)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Aerobic fitness (m)	572.31 (13.74)	552.04 (17.03)	587.58 (16.14)	571.54 (14.44)
Agility (s)	7.45 (0.117)	7.27 (0.111)	7.69 (0.178)	7.15 (0.133)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE).
Velocity (20 m test; seconds)	4.01 (0.076)	4.17 (0.070)	4.38 (0.097)	4.12 (0.085)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE).

	Control (n = 26)		Intervention (n = 26)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Visual attention
Selective attention
MRT(T/S)	0.55 (0.01)	0.52 (0.02)	0.56 (0.01)	0.56 (0.01)
EO(N.E)	3.31 (1.01)	4.38 (1.14)	2.65 (0.73)	2.12 (0.59)
EA(N.E)	7.15 (1.19)	6.42 (1.24)	8.81 (1.24)	4.69 (0.77)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE). EA, errors for action; EO, errors by omission; MRT, mean reaction time; N.E, number of errors; N.H, number of hits; T/S, tenth of a second.
Alternated attention
MRT(T/S)	0.63 (0.03)	0.66 (0.01)	0.63 (0.03)	0.59 (0.03)
EO(N.E)	2.24 (0.42)	2.62 (0.49)	2.24 (0.56)	1.64 (0.34)
EA(N.E)	6.12 (1.40)	3.81 (0.51)	6.48 (1.10)	2.48 (0.50)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE). EA, errors for action; EO, errors by omission; MRT, mean reaction time; N.E, number of errors; N.H, number of hits; T/S, tenth of a second.
Sustained attention
MRT(T/S)	0.59 (0.02)	0.66 (0.03)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE). EA, errors for action; EO, errors by omission; MRT, mean reaction time; N.E, number of errors; N.H, number of hits; T/S, tenth of a second.	0.58 (0.01)	0.62 (0.02)
EO(N.E)	0.12 (0.08)	0.04 (0.03)	0.15 (0.12)	0.31 (0.14)
EA(N.E)	2.88 (1.20)	2.92 (0.60)	1.96 (0.40)	1.62 (0.28)
Scholar performance
Writing (N.H)	16.65 (1.78)	17.85 (1.08)	13.12 (1.32)	13.27 (1.28)
Arithmetic (N.H)	14.15 (1.05)	15.19 (0.83)	11.73 (0.67)	12.85 (0.65)
Reading (N.H)	58.5 (1.99)	59.23 (2.65)	56.19 (2.61)	60.38 (1.47)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE). EA, errors for action; EO, errors by omission; MRT, mean reaction time; N.E, number of errors; N.H, number of hits; T/S, tenth of a second.
General score (N.H)	89.31 (4.06)	92.27 (4.46)^* * Significant difference to time effect - Pre vs. Post (Willcoxon Test), p < 0.05. Results expressed in AVERAGE (SE). EA, errors for action; EO, errors by omission; MRT, mean reaction time; N.E, number of errors; N.H, number of hits; T/S, tenth of a second.	81.04 (3.89)	86.46 (2.86)

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[1] ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail:harrison.silva@ufpe.br (H.V. Silva).