Production and quality of grafted watermelon in saline soil

Suárez-Hernández, Ángel Manuel; Vázquez-Angulo, Juan Carlos; Grimaldo-Juárez, Onecimo; Duran, Carlos Ceceña; González-Mendoza, Daniel; Bazante-González, Isidro; Mendoza-Gómez, Aurelia

doi:10.1590/S0102-053620190213

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Scientific communication • Hortic. Bras. 37 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620190213 copy

Production and quality of grafted watermelon in saline soil

Produção e qualidade de melancia enxertada, em solo salino

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Salinity of soil in arid and semiarid regions is a problem that affects the production and quality of fruit. That’s while we evaluated grafting on watermelon plants as an alternative to reduce the salinity effects. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, three treatments (cultivars Sangria, Summer Flavor 800 and Summer Flavor 840) with three repetitions. The cultivars were evaluated in grafted and ungrafted condition. The rootstock used for grafting was the interspecific hybrid Strong Tosa (C. maxima x C. moschata). In average terms for the three cultivars, grafting increased commercial production, weight, length and diameter of fruits in 160.5%, 36.5%, 12.0% and 7.5%, respectively. Sangria presented the best answer in production with 57.1 t ha^-1, weight 5.8 kg, length 35.0 cm and diameter 17.8 cm of fruits. Also, grafting favored in 6.3% the luminosity and reduced 6.4% Hue angle. Summer Flavor 840 showed the best result in luminosity with 48.3 and hue angle 26.4°. Firmness, °Brix and lycopene content were not modified by grafting. Grafting represents an alternative for watermelon production in saline soils, improving yield and quality of the fruits.

Keywords:
Citrullus lanatus; graft; salinity; pulp color; lycopene

Variables	Normal plant			Grafted plant			SEM
Variables	Sangría	Summer Flavor 800	Summer Flavor 840	Sangría	Summer Flavor 800	Summer Flavor 840	SEM
Commercial production (t ha^-1)	15.1	24.2	20.3	57.1	53.9	44.3	5.8
Fruit weight (kg)	4.1	4.6	4.8	5.8	5.6	6.0	0.2
Length (cm)	31.1	29.1	32.4	35.0	32.4	36.3	1.1
Diameter (cm)	16.0	18.0	17.8	17.8	19.8	18.1	0.5
	¹Contrast P>F
	C1	C2	C3	C4
Commercial production (t ha^-1)	<0.001	0.005	0.015	<0.001
Fruit weight (kg)	<0.001	0.021	0.004	<0.001
Length (cm)	0.026	0.051	0.031	0.002
Diameter (cm)	0.022	0.029	0.671	0.008

Variables	Normal plant			Grafted plant			SEM	¹ Contrast P>F
Variables	Sangría	S.F 800	S.F 840	Sangría	S.F 800	S.F 840		C1	C2	C3	C4
Lightness (L*)	44.2	43.4	44.6	46.6	45.7	48.3	1.0	0.123	0.134	0.026	0.007
Chroma (C*)	27.8	27.5	29.9	28.4	30.2	28.3	0.8	0.621	0.045	0.227	0.405
Hue angle (h°)	27.9	29.3	29.1	26.2	28.2	26.4	0.1	0.039	0.148	0.004	0.001
Firmness (N)	14.5	15.4	16.1	15.0	16.3	15.9	1.0	0.693	0.494	0.909	0.576
Brix degrees	9.1	9.8	9.4	10.1	10.4	9.4	0.4	0.134	0.395	0.945	0.188
Lycopene (mg kg^-1)	42.6	41.1	43.4	42.6	43.4	40.9	4.8	0.995	0.748	0.722	0.987

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
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[TFN2] ¹Orthogonal contrast: C1= Sangría vs Sangría grafted condition; C2= Summer Flavor 800 vs Summer Flavor 800 grafted condition; C3= Summer Flavor 840 vs Summer Flavor 840 grafted condition; C4= normal plant vs grafted plant.