ABSTRACT
The artificial light source is one of the most important factors in a controlled environment for vegetable production. It could provide new opportunities to improve growth and increase phytochemicals content in vegetables. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of artificial light sources on growth and phytochemicals in green oak lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The plants were grown under growth chamber with three artificial light sources, namely bar-LED (the 1:1:1 ratio of blue 460 nm : red 630 nm : red 660 nm), bulb-LED (the 2:1:1 ratio of blue 460 nm : red 630 nm : red 660 nm), and fluorescent lamp (FL) (the wavelength range 380-700 nm) for 4 weeks. The quality of bar-LED light was better than either bulb-LED or FL, when assessed by the parameters of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 400-700 nm), PPFD-B (blue, 400-500 nm), PPFD-R (red, 600-700 nm), the yield photon flux density (YPFD), and the color of red. However, shoot and root (fresh and dry mass), leaf area, leaf number, and shoot/root ratio did not significantly differ between plants grown under bar-LED and bulb-LED, but they were significantly higher than plants grown under FL. Bulb-LED and bar-LED induced larger dry mass of the plants than FL. The dry mass per mole of artificial lighting was highest in plants grown under bar-LED. On the other hand, the fresh mass per mole of artificial lighting was highest in plants grown under bulb-LED. As regards power consumption, bar-LED provided the lowest consumption with 44.4% energy saving over the FL. Total phenolic content, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activities were highest in plants grown under bar-LED. FL lighting gave the least contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a + b. However, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents did not significantly differ among the treatments. Thus, the results suggested that bar-LED has the potential to improve energy saving, and both growth and phytochemicals content of green oak lettuce grown in a controlled environment of vegetable production.
Keywords:
Lactuca sativa; controlled environment; light spectrum; phytonutrients
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