Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

Santos, E.A.; Aptekmann, K.P.; Santos, P.O.P.R.; Reis, A.C.; Kuster, M.C.C.; Andrade Junior, P.S.C.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-10002

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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 70 (06) • Nov-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10002 copy

Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

Parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães tratados com acepromazina e fentanil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.

Keywords:
echocardiography; phenothiazine; opioid

Spontaneous posture		Eyelid reflex
Standing	0	Present	0
Lateral decubitus	1	Decreased	1
Sternal recumbency	2	Absent	2
Sound response (palms)		Resistance to lateral decubitus
Body movement	0	Complete resistance	0
Head movement	1	Moderate contention required	1
Ear movement	2	Slight contention required	2
No reaction	3	No resistance	3
Ocular Position		General appearance
To Front (normal positioning)	0	No apparent sedation	0
Ventrally rotated	2	Mild sedation	1
		Moderate sedation	2
		Well sedated	3

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: kapreising@gmail.com

Treatment	M0	M20
CT	124.5^a±30.5	123.0^aA±17.7
FT	127.6^a±17.8	128.5^aA±19.3
IAT	127.1^a±26.4	106.9^aAB±10.5
AFT	136.5^a±16.3	126.5^aAB±24.2
OAT	141.5^a±27.2	101.5^bAC±17.0

Parameters	Treatments
Parameters	CT	IAT	FT	AFT	OAT	P-value
IVSd (mm)	13.59^a±2.20	15.71^a±2.07	14.49^a±2.42	14.28^a±1.93	14.83^a±3.08	ns
IVSs (mm)	17.58^a±1.87	19.78^a±1.82	18.66^a±1.97	18.95^a±2.34	18.89^a±3.22	ns
LVDd (mm)	42.98^a±4.47	39.55^b±3.49	42.76^a±4.42	38.87^b±3.34	39.44^b±3.23	P< 0.05
LVDs (mm)	28.45^a±2.93	25.41^b±3.52	28.37^a±3.87	25.57^b±4.19	25.30^b±2.97	P< 0.05
LVFWd (mm)	13.68^a±1.51	13.67^a±1.14	13.23^a±1.07	13.87^a±1.65	13.73^a±1.79	ns
LVFWs (mm)	17.30^a±1.92	18.22^a±2.19	17.27^a±1.18	17.92^a±2.59	17.16^a±2.16	ns
Aod (mm)	24.84^a±3.01	21.77^a±2.84	23.41^a±2.49	23.67^a±2.57	24.41^a±2.82	ns
LAd (mm)	29.95^a±4.40	27.63^a±2.01	30.70^a±2.15	26.66^a±3.09	30.16^a±4.77	ns
LA/Ao	1.21^a±0.17	1.29^a±0.21	1.32^a±0.15	1.14^a±0.19	1.23^a±0.13	ns
EF (%)	62.60^a±4.92	65.9^a±5.62	62.61^a±6.36	63.70^a±9.38	59.81^a±5.61	ns
Mitral E (m/s)	0.84^a±0.13	0.83^a±0.14	0.76^a±0.14	0.82^a±0.14	0.79^a±0.09	ns
Mitral A (m/s)	0.45^a±0.08	0.40^a±0.06	0.41^a±0.06	0.43^a±0.06	0.37^a±0.05	ns
E/A	1.80^c±0.24	2.1^ab±0.32	1.83^c±0.28	1.92^bc±0.24	2.18^a±0.40	P< 0.05
Ao-Vmáx (m/s)	1.31^a±0.18	1.21^a±0.17	1.26^a±0.17	1.26^a±0.15	1.15^a±0.18	ns
Ap-Vmáx (m/s)	1.33^a±0.14	1.21^a±0.15	1.16^a±0.16	1.21^a±0.28	1.11^a±0.14	ns
TRIV (ms)	56.40^a±6.4	55.60^a±5.10	53.02^a±5.20	57.81^a±8.24	53.60^a±7.90	ns
E-septum (mm)	3.39^a±1.20	2.87^a±1.57	2.85^a±1.49	2.63^a±1.09	3.02^a±1.46	ns
MAM (mm)	10.95^a±1.01	6.18^c±1.12	10.30^a±0.78	6.94^bc±1.12	6.09^c±1.83	P< 0.05
TAPSE (mm)	16.88^a±2.35	13.95^b±2.97	17.13^a±1.40	14.48^ab±1.61	13.43^b±1.39	P< 0.05
SF (%)	33.60^a±3.62	35.90^a±4.04	33.60^a±4.45	35.43^a±5.12	31.51^a±4.01	ns

Treatment	Sedation Scale (pts)	Exam Time (min)
CT	--	18.70^a±9.85
FT	2.40^a±1.17	18.40^a±5.37
IAT	3.25^a±1.47	15.62^a±4.37
AFT	4.50^ab±2.06	15.50^a±4.45
OAT	7.80^b±2.04	14.30^a±2.11

Treatment	HR (bpm)		RR (mpm)
Treatment	M0	M20	M0	M20
CT	107.6^a±14.2	108.6^aA±43.2	97.4^a±52.0	153.8^aA±72.9
IAT	110.4^a±24.8	83.0^bA±12.1	162.0^a±51.9	125.6^aA±93.5
FT	116.0^a±21.4	88.7^bA±15.2	128.6^a±53.8	141.6^aA±42.07
AFT	98.6^a±15.9	81.15^bA±15.0	115.6^a±58.7	118.0^aA±49.79
OAT	124.0^a±22.2	71.4^bA±11.8	141.4^a±57.1	92.8^aA±62.53