Nutritional, behavioral and performance parameters of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows at different lactation stages

Santana, P.F.; Rocha Júnior, V.R.; Monção, F.P.; Ruas, J.R.M.; Borges, L.A.; Ramos, J.C.P.; Hora, F.F.; Oliveira, M.C.; Sales, E.C.J.; Carvalho, C.C.S.; Costa, M.D.; Silva, M.F.P.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-11659

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Animal Science and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 72 (04) • Jul-Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11659 copy

Nutritional, behavioral and performance parameters of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows at different lactation stages

[Parâmetros nutricionais, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu em diferentes estádios da lactação]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the different lactation stages of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on intake and digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen use efficiency, feeding behavior and performance. Thirty-six F1 Holstein × Zebu cows with initial body weight (BW) of 482±43kg were used. The early, mid and late lactation stages were characterized after 50±13, 111.5±11.75 and 183.0±17.5 days in milk, respectively. A completely randomized design with three lactation stages and 12 cows in each treatment group was used. Dry matter intake (P=0.01) was higher in late lactation. Milk yield (P<0.01) was 24.17% higher in early lactation than in other stages. Body weight was lowest in mid-lactation cows (465.63kg; P<0.01). The feed efficiency was 23.36% higher in early lactation than in other stages (0.82kg of milk/kg of DM). F1 Holstein x Zebu cows have increased dry matter intake in late lactation. Milk yield and feed efficiency in early lactation were benefited by changes in feeding behavior, such as increased rumination time.

Keywords:
crossbreeding; dairy cattle; daily milk yield; feeding behavior; nitrogen balance

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: moncaomoncao@yahoo.com.br

Item (g/kg DM)¹	Corn silage	Concentrate	Diet²
Dry matter	502.74	925.92	608.54
Organic matter	962.02	922.31	952.09
Crude protein	68.37	218.25	105.84
NDIN	5.99	12.24	7.55
ADIN	0.79	0.75	0.78
Ether extract	27.77	28.28	27.9
Non-fiber carbohydrates	302.89	371.68	320.09
NDFap	562.98	304.1	498.26
Acid detergent fiber	300.5	72.21	243.43
Lignin	99.58	31.75	82.63
Total digestible nutrients*	561.99	734.16	605.03

Item¹	Lactation stage (days)²			SEM³	P-value⁴
Item¹	Early	Mid	Late
	Intake
Dry matter, kg/day	13.72ab	13.27b	14.37a	0.70	0.01
Dry matter, % BW	2.84ab	2.75b	2.98a	0.12	0.01
Crude protein, kg/day	1.46	1.46	1.50	0.07	0.93
Ether extract, kg/day	0.42a	0.35b	0.41a	0.02	0.06
Non-fibrous carbohydrates, kg/day	4.28b	4.15b	5.02a	0.25	0.04
NDF_CP, kg/day	6.97	6.67	6.72	0.31	0.78
NDF_CP, % BW	1.44	1.38	1.39	0.05	0.52
TDN, kg/day	9.00a	7.99b	9.10a	0.36	0.07
	Nutrient digestibility (%)
Dry matter	63.22a	57.91b	61.53a	1.24	0.02
Crude protein	62.36a	53.09b	55.45b	1.74	<0.01
Ether extract	86.36a	82.16b	81.87b	1.32	0.04
Non-fibrous carbohydrates	77.37	75.62	78.13	1.67	0.56
NDF_AP	56.64	53.92	53.71	1.13	0.14
TDN	65.88a	60.85b	63.43ab	1.12	0.01

Item¹	Lactation stage (days)²			SEM³	P-value⁴
Item¹	Early	Mid	Late
N-ingested, g/day	234.42	242.59	226.39	14.37	0.73
N-milk, g/day	69.40 a	60.52 b	55.12 b	3.05	0.01
N-feces, g/day	89.67	114.54	102.64	9.17	0.17
N-urine, g/day	80.02 a	60.43 b	48.80 b	4.70	<0.01
Nitrogen balance, g/day	-4.66 b	7.09 ab	19.82 a	6.89	0.06
NUE⁵	0.301 a	0.253 b	0.246 b	0.01	<0.01
UUN, mg/dL	10.55a	9.44a	6.89b	1.09	0.07
PUN, mg/dL	21.82 a	14.52 b	13.09b	0.52	<0.01
MUN, mg/dL	14.76a	15.15a	12.18b	0.60	<0.01

Item	Lactation stage (days)¹			SEM²	P-value³
Item	Early	Mid	Late
Feeding, hour/day	5.66	4.91	4.50	0.52	0.30
Ruminating, hour/day	8.20 a	6.88 b	6.87 b	0.32	0.01
Resting, hour/day	10.13b	12.20a	12.62a	0.73	0.05
Chewing
number/bolus	53.21	45.85	52.04	3.46	0.28
number/min	60.05b	66.68a	63.85ab	1.4	<0.01
hours/day	13.86 a	11.79 b	11.37 b	0.73	0.05
Feeding efficiency DM, g/hour	2569	3125	3278	246	0.11
Ruminating efficiency DM, g/hour	1711b	2008a	1974a	95	0.06

Item	Lactation stage (days)¹			SEM²	P-value³
Item	Early	Mid	Late
Milk yield, kg/day	14.54 a	11.78 b	10.27 b	0.56	<0.01
3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, kg/day	14.03 a	12.07 b	9.37 c	0.54	<0.01
Fat, (g/kg milk)	33.1 ab	36.8 a	29.8 b	2.00	0.06
Protein, (g/kg milk)	30.4 a	33.1 b	34.0 b	0.90	0.03
Total solids, (g/kg milk)	120.1ab	127.0a	118.8b	2.70	0.09
Final body weight, kg	492.82 b	465.63 c	504.90 a	4.90	<0.01
Difference in body weight, kg	6.99 a	-35.19 b	52.57 a	12.50	<0.01
Final body condition score	3.79	3.83	3.69	0.06	0.32
Difference in body condition score	0.15	-0.02	0.13	0.06	0.16
Feed efficiency, kg of milk/kg of DM	1.07 a	0.87 b	0.77 b	0.05	<0.01