Resumo

SOUZA, Patricia Alexandre de; MELLO, William Zamboni de; MARIANI, Rauda Lúcia  e  SELLA, Silvia Maria. Variações temporais do material particulado inalável fino e grosso e íons inorgânicos solúveis em São José dos Campos, SP. Rev. Bras. Geof. [online]. 2011, vol.29, n.1, pp. 71-82. ISSN 0102-261X.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-261X2011000100005.

PM_2,5 and PM_2,5-10 samples were collected at São José dos Campos (São Paulo) from February 2004 to February 2005. During this time there were two periods of drought, one lasting for 25 consecutive days and a second one for 38 days. The later exhibited higher PM concentrations values than the first one. Data were divided into two groups, one comprising all measurements carried out during the 63 days without rain (dry period) and a second one comprising the remaining data (regular period). The PM_2,5 and PM_2,5-10 average concentrations were respectively 23 ± 7.5 and 19 ± 7.9 µg m^-3 during dry period and 14 ± 7.9 and 13 ± 7.9 µg m^-3 during regular period. There was a day-of-week variation with highest average concentrations on Wednesday (PM_2.5) and Thursday (PM_2.5-10) and lowest on Sunday. The PM_2,5-10 exhibited the most pronounced variation suggesting an association with vehicular emissions. During both dry and regular periods, average SO₄^-2 and NH₄⁺ concentrations were about 5 times higher in the fine than in the coarse fraction. PM_2,5 ionic concentrations, especially that of K⁺, were higher in the dry period compared to regular one (except for Cl^-, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺). Hierarchical cluster analysis and backward air mass trajectories indicate that during the dry period NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺ and K⁺ associated with PM_2.5 are significantly influenced by continental sources.

Palavras-chave : atmospheric particulate matter; inhalable particles; fine particulate matter; coarse particulate matter; long-range transport.