Family violence and body mass index among adolescents
					enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program and treated at a primary care
					clinic

Silva, Ana Maria Vieira Lourenço da; Taquette, Stella Regina; Hasselmann, Maria Helena

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00175812

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 30 (3) • Mar 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00175812 copy

Family violence and body mass index among adolescents enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program and treated at a primary care clinic

Violência familiar e índice de massa corporal em adolescentes atendidos no Programa Bolsa Família numa unidade básica de saúde

La violencia familiar y el índice de masa corporal en adolescentes atendidos en el Programa Bolsa Familia en una unidad básica de salud

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This article aimed to investigate the relationship between family violence and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents whose families were enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program. The cross-sectional study included 201 adolescents of both sexes, 10 to 19 years of age, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2008-2009. BMI and physical, psychological, and verbal abuse of adolescents by their parents were evaluated. The association between family violence and BMI was measured via linear regression models. In girls, verbal abuse was directly associated with BMI, showing a significant mean increase of 2.064, 2.438, and 2.403 in BMI when perpetrated by the mother, father, and both parents, respectively. Among boys, family violence was associated with lower BMI (but without reaching statistical significance). The findings point to the need for innovative practices and approaches in the nutritional care of adolescents enrolled in the Bolsa Família Program, considering family violence as a contributing factor to inadequate nutritional status.

Domestic Violence; Body Mass Index; Nutritional Status; Adolescent

Variables			Total sample		Females		Males
Variables			N	%	n	%	n	%
Categorical variables
	Sex		201		110	54.7	91	45.3
	Race/color
		Non-black	57	28.4	32	29.1	25	27.5
		Black	144	71.6	78	70.9	66	72.5
	Body image
		Satisfactory	147	73.1	83	75.5	64	70.3
		Unsatisfactory	54	26.9	27	24.5	27	29.7
	Schooling
		Primary	182	92.4	94	88.7	88	96.7
		Secondary	15	7.6	12	11.3	3	3.3
	Sexual maturation
		Menarche	-	-	76	69.1	-	-
		Pre-puberty	39	19.4	8	7.3	31	34.1
		Puberty	162	80.6	102	92.7	60	65.9
	Height-for-age
		Low height-for-age	7	3.5	2	1.8	5	5.5
		Adequate height-for-age	194	96.5	108	98.2	86	94.5
	Nutritional status
		Underweight	9	4.5	2	1.8	7	7.7
		Normal weight	155	77.1	86	78.2	69	75.8
		Overweight	27	13.4	15	13.6	12	13.2
		Obesity	10	5,0	7	6.4	3	3.3
Numerical variables			Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
		Age	12.9	2.24	13.21	2.34	12.61	2.10
		Weight	46.7	12.8	48.98	11.94	43.92	13.30
		Height	1.53	0.11	1.54	0.09	1.52	0.13
		BMI	19.63	3.63	20.51	3.79	18.57	3.15

Family violence	Total sample		Females		Males
Family violence	N	%	n	%	n	%
Psychological abuse	101	50.2	59	53.6	42	46.2
Minor physical abuse	97	48.3	57	51.8	40	44.0
Serious physical abuse	65	32.8	35	31.8	30	33.0
Verbal abuse	167	83.1	101	91.8	66	72.5

Variables		Males		Females
Variables		Mean (SD)	p-value	Mean (SD)	p-value
Race/color
	Non-black	17.50 (1.75)	0.052	19.03 (3.32)	0.010
	Black	18.75 (2.98)	0.052	20.89 (3.36)	0.010
Sexual maturation
	Pre-puberty	17.98 (2.72)	0.297	16.17 (2.74)	0.000
	Puberty	18.62 (2.75)	0.297	20.69 (3.28)	0.000
Adolescent’s schooling
	Primary	18.43 (2.77)	0.495	20.01 (3.39)	0.019
	Secondary	17.33 (1.93)	0.495	22.47 (3.09)	0.019
Body image
	Satisfactory	18.51 (2.47)	0.547	19.53 (2.84)	0.000
	Unsatisfactory	18.13 (3.36)	0.547	22.99 (3.89)	0.000
Psychological abuse
	No	18.74 (3.02)	0.211	20.23 (3.82)	0.721
	Yes	18.01 (2.36)	0.211	20.47 (3.09)	0.721
Serious physical abuse, maternal
	No	18.38 (2.75)	0.647	20.33 (3.61)	0.954
	Yes	18.04 (2.49)		20.38 (2.76)
Minor physical abuse, maternal
	No	18.48 (2.69)	0.344	20.16 (3.61)	0.493
	Yes	17.84 (2.72)		20.64 (3.22)
Verbal abuse, maternal
	No	18.29 (3.05)	0.930	18.12 (3.10)	0.000
	Yes	18.34 (2.31)		20.99 (3.30)
Serious physical abuse, paternal
	No	18.41 (2.96)	0.323	19.55 (3.20)	0.030
	Yes	17.58 (2.04)		21.58 (4.22)
Minor physical abuse, paternal
	No	18.22 (2.88)	0.959	19.74 (3.39)	0.228
	Yes	18.26 (2.70)		20.82 (3.92)
Verbal abuse, paternal
	No	18.91 (2.83)	0.196	18.15 (2.98)	0.012
	Yes	17.93 (2.76)		20.57 (3.55)
Serious physical abuse, both parents
	No	18.51 (2.85)	0.227	20.12 (3.40)	0.197
	Yes	17.73 (2.13)		21.09 (3.54)
Minor physical abuse, both parents
	No	18.49 (2.59)	0.414	20.17 (3.56)	0.487
	Yes	18.01(2.83)		20.64 (3.31)
Verbal abuse, both parents
	No	18.53 (2.55)	0.606	17.91 (3.08)	0.004
	Yes	18.20 (2.75)		20.75 (3.36)

Variables	BMI
	Crude		Adjusted *
	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value
Psychological abuse	-0.727	0.211	-0.275	0.617
Serious physical abuse, maternal	-0.344	0.647	-0.566	0.421
Serious physical abuse, paternal	-0.841	0.323	-0.508	0.531
Serious physical abuse, both parents	-0.781	0.227	-0.610	0.312
Minor physical abuse, maternal	-0.633	0.344	-0.655	0.295
Minor physical abuse, paternal	0.038	0.959	-0.285	0.703
Minor physical abuse, both parents	-0.481	0.414	-0.417	0.453
Verbal abuse, maternal	0.051	0.930	-0.233	0.675
Verbal abuse, paternal	-0.977	0.196	-0.712	0.318
Verbal abuse, both parents	-0.326	0.606	-0.118	0.842

Variables	BMI
	Crude		Adjusted *
	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value
Psychological abuse	0.238	0.721	-0.425	0.423
Serious physical abuse, maternal	0.050	0.954	0.173	0.799
Serious physical abuse, paternal	2.030	0.030	1.076	0.160
Serious physical abuse, both parents	0.967	0.198	0.526	0.377
Minor physical abuse, maternal	0.479	0.493	-0.081	0.886
Minor physical abuse, paternal	1.085	0.228	0.381	0.602
Minor physical abuse, both parents	0.467	0.487	0.003	0.995
Verbal abuse, maternal	2.874	0.000	2.064	0.001
Verbal abuse, paternal	2.418	0.012	2.438	0.003
Verbal abuse, both parents	2.836	0.004	2.403	0.003

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[1] Correspondence: A. M. V. L. Silva. Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Afonso Cavalcanti 455, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20211-110, Brasil. amvls@hotmail.com