Functional performance and social relations among the elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a population-based epidemiological study

Torres, Juliana Lustosa; Dias, Rosângela Corrêa; Ferreira, Fabiane Ribeiro; Macinko, James; Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00102013

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 30 (5) • May 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00102013 copy

Functional performance and social relations among the elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a population-based epidemiological study

Funcionalidade e relações sociais entre idosos da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional

Funcionalidad y relaciones sociales de ancianos en el área metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: un estudio de base poblacional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study was conducted in a probabilistic sam- ple of 2,055 elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, to examine components of social network (conjugal status and visits by the children, other relatives, and friends) and social support (satisfaction with personal relations and having persons on whom to rely) associated with limitations in performing basic activities of daily living (ADL). Multivariate analysis used the Hurdle model. Performance of ADL showed independent and statistically significant associations with social network (fewer meetings with friends and not having children) and personal support (dissatisfaction/indifference towards personal relations). These associations remained after adjusting for social and demographic characteristics, health status, and other indicators of social relations. Our results emphasize the need for greater attention to social network and social support for elderly with functional limitations and those with weak social networks and social support.

Disabled Persons; Social Support; Health of the Elderly

Variables	Number of ADL with limitations
	Total	0	1-3	4-6	p-value **
	%	%	%	%	p-value **
Sex
Male	39.6	85.9	8.8	5.3	< 0.001 ***
Female	60.4	76.7	12.5	10.9
Age (years)
60-64	30.7	89.9	6.0	3.6	< 0.001 ***
65-69	23.8	86	9.2	4.7
70-74	19.2	79.5	12.2	8.3
75-79	12	74.9	14.4	10.7
≥ 80	14.3	55.7	20.4	23.9
Mean age (standard deviation)	70.1 (0.21)	68.9	73.7	76.9
Schooling (complete years)
≥ 8	8.1	83.6	7.3	9.1	0.055
4-7	48.0	81.7	10.8	7.5
0-3	43.9	78.2	12.0	9.8
Medical diagnosis of depression
No	91.0	80.3	10.9	8.7	0.227
Yes	9.0	79.0	12.6	8.4
Number of medical diagnoses of chronic diseases
0	28.3	89.2	6.4	4.4	< 0.001 ***
v1-3	62.6	78.9	11.5	9.5
≥ 4	9.1	61.9	22.0	16.1
Total (n) ^#	2,072	1,665	221	186

Variables	Number of ADL with limitations
	Total	0	1-3	4-6	p-value **
	%	%	%	%	p-value **
Conjugal status
With spouse	51.0	86.0	8.2	5.8	< 0.001 ***
Without spouse	49.0	74.4	14.0	11.6
Living with children
Yes	56.4	79.5	12.4	8.2	0.3
No	34.2	80.1	10.4	9.5
Does not have children	9.4	86.0	5.6	8.4
Frequency of children’s visits in previous 30 days
Daily or almost daily	27.2	80.0	9.8	10.2	0.032 ***
Once a week	23.6	77.3	15.1	7.6
Once a month	21.8	82.1	8.9	9.0
< Once a month	15.2	77.3	13.8	8.9
Does not have children or lives with children	12.2	87.3	6.3	6.4
Frequency of visits by other relatives in previous 30 days
≥ Once a week	26.0	79.0	11.7	9.3	0.823
Once a month	36.9	82.0	9.8	8.2
< Once a month	37.1	79.5	11.7	8.7
Number of meetings with friends in previous 30 days
≥ 3	73.7	83.9	8.9	7.2	< 0.001 ***
1-2	17.6	71.4	18.5	10.1
0	8.7	67.9	13.9	18.2
Has someone to rely on
Yes	91.4	80.8	10.6	8.6	0.356
No/Not certain	8.6	75.4	15.1	9.5
Satisfaction with personal relations
Very satisfied/Satisfied	81.3	82.3	11.1	6.6
Indifferent	5.9	63.6	12.9	23.5	< 0.001 ***
Very dissatisfied/Dissatisfied	12.8	75.5	9.8	14.7
Total (n) ^#	2,072	1,665	221	186

Variable	Limitations in at least one ADL		Number of ADL with limitations
Variable	PR **	95%CI	PR ***	95%CI
Female gender [vs. male]	1.33	1.05-1.69 ^#	1.17	1.01-1.35 ^#
Age [vs. 60-64] (years)
65-69	1.36	0.94-1.97	0.89	0.69-1.14
70-74	1.95	1.40-2.73 ^##	1.02	0.83-1.25
75-79	2.03	1.41-2.94 ^##	0.94	0.75-1.19
≥ 80	3.19	2.33-4.36 ^##	1.21	0.99-1.48
Medical diagnoses of chronic diseases [vs. 0]
1-3	1.73	1.30-2.30 ^##	1.00	0.84-1.20
≥ 4	3.01	2.11-4.30 ^##	0.99	0.69-1.17
Living with children [vs. yes]
No	0.98	0.80-1.21	1.11	0.97-1.27
Does not have children	0.83	0.48-1.43	1.61	1.12-2.32 ^#
Number of meetings with friends in previous 30 days [vs. ≥ 3]
1-2	1.50	1.19-1.88 ^##	0.82	0.70-0.97 ^#
0	1.45	1.15-1.85 ^##	1.03	0.86-1.24
Satisfaction with social relations [vs. satisfied]
Indifferent	1.72	1.36-2.17 ^##	1.49	1.25-1.77 ^##
Dissatisfied	1.40	1.08-1.81 ^#	1.41	1.21-1.64 ^##

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[1] Correspondence
J. L. Torres Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brasil. jlt.fisioufmg@hotmail.com