Prevalence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders:
					associated factors in a population sample of young adults in southern
					Brazil

Molina, Mariane Ricardo Acosta Lopez; Spessato, Bárbara; Jansen, Karen; Pinheiro, Ricardo; Silva, Ricardo; Souza, Luciano Dias de Mattos

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00012614

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Article • Cad. Saúde Pública 30 (11) • Nov 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00012614 copy

Prevalence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders: associated factors in a population sample of young adults in southern Brazil

Prevalência de comorbidades entre transtornos de humor e ansiedade: fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de adultos jovens no Sul do Brasil

Prevalencia de la comorbilidad entre el estado de ánimo y los trastornos de ansiedad: factores asociados en una muestra de población de adultos jóvenes en el sur de Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This research aims to evaluate factors associated with the presence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders in young adults aged 18 to 24 years, from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders in the sample (n = 1,561) was of 26.8% of which 9.7% had comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of comorbidities on mood and anxiety disorders is almost three times higher among women than men (p < 0.001). Lower education levels, socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) and a history of divorced parents (p < 0.050) was associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The main conclusion is that social factors are highly associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. Prevention strategies on mental health should focus particularly on women in vulnerable social conditions.

Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Young Adult

Variable	n	% *
Sex
Male	681	43.6
Female	880	56.4
Color **
White	1,144	73.5
Black	237	15.2
Mulatto	146	9.4
Yellow	13	0.8
Indian	17	1.1
Schooling (in years) ***
0-4	115	7.4
5-8	345	22.2
9-11	630	40.5
12 or more	465	29.9
Socioeconomic class ^#
A+B	583	37.4
C	751	48.1
D+E	226	14.5
Living with father and/or mother ^#
No	533	34.2
Yes	1,027	65.8
Divorced parents ##
No	994	64.0
Yes	560	36.0
Living with a partner ^###
No	1,120	71.8
Yes	439	28.2
Work in the past 12 months ^§
No	510	33.1
Yes	1,031	66.9
Any religion ^#
No	593	38.0
Yes	967	62.0

Type of disorder	n	%
Comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorder
No	1,409	90.3
Yes	152	9.7
Mood disorder
No	1,317	84.4
Yes	244	15.6
Major depressive disorder
No	1,365	87.4
Yes	196	12.6
Dysthymia
No	1,519	97.3
Yes	42	2.7
Manic episode
No	1,444	92.5
Yes	117	7.5
Hypomanic disorder
No	1,478	94.7
Yes	83	5.3
Anxiety disorders
No	1,235	79.1
Yes	326	20.9
Generalized anxiety disorder
No	1,409	90.3
Yes	152	9.7
Social phobia
No	1,498	96.0
Yes	63	4.0
Panic disorder
No	1,522	97.5
Yes	39	2.5
Agoraphobia
No	1,369	87.7
Yes	192	12.3
Obsessive compulsive disorder
No	1,510	96.7
Yes	51	3.3
Post traumatic stress disorder
No	1,529	98.0
Yes	32	2.0

Variable	Comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorders *
Variable	PR	95%CI
Sex **
Male	1.00
Female	2.54	1.74-3.70
Color ***
White	1.00
Non white	0.70	0.48-1.00
Schooling (years) **
0-4	4.09	2.25-7.45
5-8	2.54	1.55-4.17
9-11	1.49	0.93-2.41
12 or more	1.00
Socioeconomic class **
A+B	0.32	0.20-0.52
C	0.55	0.36-0.84
D+E	1.00
Work in the past 12 months
No	1.11	0.77-1.59
Yes	1.00
Divorced parents **
No	0.60	0.43-0.85
Yes	1.00
Living with a partner ***
No	0.73	0.51-1.05
Yes	1.00
Any religion ***
No	0.92	0.64-1.31
Yes	1.00

Variable	Comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorders *		“Pure”anxiety disorder *		“Pure” mood disorder *
Variable	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI
1 ^st level
Sex
Male	1.00		1.00		1.00
Female	2.84 **	1.92-4.19	1.88 **	1.33-2.64	2.15 **	1.35-3.42
Color
Non white	1.00		1.00		1.00
White	0.86	0.58-1.27	0.84	0.57-1.22	0.63	0.39-1.01
Schooling (years)
0-4	3.87 **	2.00-7.49	0.54	0.21-1.35	2.55 **	1.06-6.12
5-8	2.13 **	1.22-3.72	1.08	0.65-1.79	1.34	0.65-2.77
9-11	1.31	0.79-2.17	1.05	0.70-1.58	1.63	0.92-2.88
12 or more	1.00		1.00		1.00
Socioeconomic class
A+B	0.57	0.32-1.00	0.77	0.45-1.33	1.70	0.76-3.80
C	0.55	0.44-1.09	0.70	0.43-1.14	1.44	0.69-2.99
D+E	1.00		1.00		1.00
2 ^nd level
Work in the past 12 months
No	0.89	0.61-1.30	1.06	0.75-1.51	1.10	0.70-1.76
Yes	1.00		1.00		1.00
Divorced parents
No	0.70	0.49-0.99	0.99	0.70-1.41	0.75	0.48-1.19
Yes	1.00		1.00		1.00
Living with a partner
No	1.16	0.78-1.74	1.13	0.76-1.69	2.88 **	1.55-5.37
Yes	1.00		1.00		1.00
Any religion
No	1.26	0.87-1.81	1.39	0.98-1.98	0.81	0.51-1.29
Yes	1.00		1.00		1.00

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[1] Correspondence: M. R. A. L. Molina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas. Rua Gonçalves Chaves 373, sala 411C, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brasil. mariane_lop@hotmail.com