(Taxithelium juruense (Broth.) Broth. (Pylaisiadelphaceae) an endangered Brazilian endemic, with notes on the genus Taxithelium in Brazil). Since its original description, several collections of this species were reported in different states of Brazil. During a revision of the genus, it was confirmed that the geographic range of this species is restricted to the state of Acre, all other reports being based on misidentifications due mostly to the highly polymorphic nature of Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. Here, we present a more detailed study of T. juruense with characters that will help to distinguish it from T. planum. The misidentifications have obscured the real conservation status of this species, which should be endangered (EN). Key and illustrations of the Brazilian species of Taxithelium are provided.
Sematophyllaceae; Acre; endemism; conservation
