FAMILY / Genus or species/ Pollen type |
Pollen unit |
Symmetry |
Polarity |
Size (µm) |
Aperture |
Exine |
Shape |
Pollination strategy |
Observations |
EPHEDRACEAE Dumort. |
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Ephedra triandra Tul. |
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Type 01. Ephedra triandra [Fig.4A] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 55(60)62; PD: 15(19)25 |
polyplicate |
psilate |
peroblate |
A |
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LAURACEAE Juss. |
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Ocotea Aubl. |
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Type 02. Ocotea [Fig.4B] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
26(27)29 |
inaperturate |
echinate |
spheroidal |
Z |
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AMARYLLIDACEAE J. St.-Hil. |
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Type 03. Amaryllidaceae [Fig.4C] |
monad |
heteropolar |
bilateral |
Very variable. Longer EqD: 28(48)82; shorter EqD: 18(26)39 (PV) |
monosulcate |
reticulate, mostly homobrochate |
elliptical (PV) |
Z |
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ARECACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl |
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Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick |
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Type 04. Butia [Fig.4D] |
monad |
heteropolar |
bilateral |
Longer EqD: 52(63)79; shorter EqD: 23(32)44 (PV) |
monosulcate |
perforate |
elliptical to pyriform (PV) |
Z |
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CYPERACEAE Juss. |
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Type 05. Cyperaceae [Fig.4E] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar or heteropolar |
Very variable. Length: 33(42)47; width: 28(33)42 (EqV) |
inaperturate or with rudimentary pores |
psilate to scabrate |
spheroidal to pyriform (EqV); sub-circular (PV) |
A |
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POACEAE Barnhart |
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Type 06. Poaceae [Fig.4F] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
heteropolar |
Very variable. 19(36)62 |
monoporate |
psilate to scabrate, rarely granulate |
spheroidal |
A |
pores usually with annulus and sometimes operculated |
RANUNCULACEAE Juss. |
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Type 07. Ranunculaceae [Fig.4G] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 22(25)28 PD: 21(24)28 |
tricolporate |
microechinate |
oblate spheroidal (EqV); circular (PV) |
Z |
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HALORAGACEAE R. Br. |
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Myriophyllum L. |
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Type 08. Myriophyllum [Fig.4H] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 20(24)28 |
zonoporate (4 pores) |
psilate to scabrate |
suboblate to oblate (EqV); subcuadrangular (PV) |
A |
circular-elliptical pores with annulus |
VITACEAE Juss. |
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Cissus L. |
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Type 09. Cissus [Fig.4I-J] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 29(33)38; PD: 50(57)64 |
tricolporate |
reticulate, heterobrochate |
prolate (EqV); circular (PV) |
Z |
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OXALIDACEAE R. Br. |
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Oxalis L. |
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Type 10. Oxalis [Fig.4K] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 44(48)53; PD: 55(59)63 |
tricolporate |
reticulate, heterobrochate |
prolate to subprolate (EqV); subcircular (VP) |
Z |
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EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. |
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Sapium Jacq. |
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Type 11. Sapium [Fig.4L-M] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 34(38)42; PD: 51(64)69 |
tricolporate |
microreticulate |
prolate to perprolate (EqV); circular (VP) |
Z |
endocingulum |
Sebastiania Spreng. |
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Type 12. Sebastiania [Fig.4N-O] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 30(41)49; PD: 55(58)66 |
tricolporate |
reticulate |
prolate (EV); circular (EqV) |
Z |
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PHYLLANTHACEAE Martinov |
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Phyllanthus sellowianus (Klotzsch) Müll. Arg. |
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Type 13. Phyllanthus sellowianus [Fig.4P] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
16(17)20 |
pantoporate (12-15 pores) |
clypeate |
spheroidal |
Z |
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SALICACEAE Mirb. |
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Salix chilensis Molina |
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Type 14. Salix chilensis [Fig.4Q-R] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 20(25)32; PD: 19(21)25 |
tricolporate |
Reticulate, heterobrochate |
spheroidal to prolate (EqV); circular (PV) |
Z |
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FABACEAE Lindl. |
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Acacia Mill. |
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Type 15. Acacia [Fig.4S] |
polyad |
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38(42)45 |
indistinguishable pores |
psilate to slightly scabrate |
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Z |
16 pollen grains |
POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link |
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Type 16. Polygalaceae [Fig.4T] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 16(17)19; PD: 21(25)33 |
zonocolporate (10-12 colpori) |
psilate |
prolate (EqV); circular to multilobate (VP) |
Z |
endocingulum |
CANNABACEAE Martinov |
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Celtis L. |
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Type 17. Celtis [Fig.4U] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 25(29)34; PD: 16(17)18 |
triporate |
psilate to scabrate |
suboblate (EqV); circular (PV) |
A-Z |
pores with annulus |
RHAMNACEAE Juss. |
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Type 18. Rhamnaceae [Fig.4V] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 17(20)24; PD: 17(21)25 |
tricolporate |
vaguely reticulate, heterobrochate |
prolate spheroidal (EqV); subtriangular (PV) |
Z |
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MYRTACEAE Juss. |
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Type 19. Myrtaceae [Fig.5A] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 17(24)27; PD: 11(12)15 P |
syntricolporate |
psilate to slightly scabrate |
peroblate (EqV); triangular to subtriangular (PV) |
Z |
rarely syntetracolporate |
THYMELAEACEAE Juss. |
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Daphnopsis racemosa Griseb. |
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Type 20. Daphnopsis racemosa [Fig.5B-C] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
29(35)39 |
pantoporate (12-15 pores) |
croton pattern |
spheroidal |
Z |
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ANACARDIACEAE R. Br. |
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Type 21. Lithraea/Schinus [Fig.5D-E] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 23(27)31; PD: 27(40)45 |
tricolporate |
striate to reticulate |
prolate to subprolate (EqV); circular (VP) |
Z |
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SAPINDACEAE Juss. |
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Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl. |
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Type 22. Allophylus edulis [Fig.5F] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 27(30)32; PD: 18(19)21 |
zonoporate (4 pores) |
microreticulate |
oblate (EqV); quadrangular (PV) |
Z |
rarely triporate |
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. |
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Type 23. Dodonaea viscosa [Fig.5G-H] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 25(28)33; PD: 24(27)31 |
tricolporate |
verrucate |
prolate spheroidal (EqV); subcircular (PV) |
Z |
rarely tetracolporate |
LORANTHACEAE Juss. |
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Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh |
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Type 24. Tripodanthus acutifolius [Fig.5I] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 23(25)28; PD: 10(12)15 |
syntricolporate |
psilate, baculate at mesocolpium |
peroblate (EqV); subtriangular (PV) |
Z |
rarely syntetracolporate |
AMARANTHACEAE Juss. |
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Amaronthoideae |
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Type 25. Alternanthera-type [Fig.5J] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
15(19)24 |
pantoporate (12-16 pores) |
reticulate |
spheroidal-polyhedral |
Z |
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Type 26. Gomphrena-type [Fig.5K-L] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
15(19)23 |
pantoporate (>20 pores) |
reticulate |
spheroidal |
Z |
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Chenopodioideae |
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Type 27. Chenopodioideae [Fig.5M] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
20(24)26 |
pantoporate (>35 pores) |
psilate |
spheroidal |
A |
pores with thin annulus |
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Juss. |
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Type 28. Caryophyllaceae [Fig.5N-O] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
26(32)36 |
pantoporate (~15 pores) |
psilate and slightly perforate |
spheroidal |
Z |
pores with annulus |
POLYGONACEAE Juss. |
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Polygonum L. |
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Type 29. Polygonum [Fig.5P-Q] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
40(54)64 |
pantoporate (~10 pores) |
reticulate |
spheroidal |
Z |
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PRIMULACEAE Batsch ex Borkh. |
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Myrsine L. |
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Type 30. Myrsine [Fig.5R] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 16(20)23; PD: 19(22)25 |
zonocolporate (4 colpori) |
psilate |
prolate spheroidal (EqV); circular to tetrangular (PV) |
A-Z |
rarely 3-5 colpori; pore mostly indistinguishable |
RUBIACEAE Juss. |
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Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K. Schum. |
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Type 31. Cephalanthus glabratus [Fig.5S] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 18(23)28; PD: 20(22)23 |
tricolporate |
Reticulate, homobrochate |
sub-spheroidal (EqV); circular to sub-triangular (PV) |
Z |
pores with annulus |
PLANTAGINACEAE Juss. |
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Plantago L. |
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Type 32. Plantago [Fig.5T] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
apolar |
28(39)32 |
pantoporate (~7 pores) |
verrucate |
spheroidal |
A |
faint irregular pores |
ASTERACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl |
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Type 33. Asteraceae subf. Asteroideae [Fig.5U-V] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 15(28)40; PD: 20(33)43 |
tricolporate |
echinate or subechinolophate |
prolate spheroidal to subprolate (EqV); circular to sub-triangular (PV) |
Z |
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MENYANTHACEAE Dumort. |
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Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze |
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Type 34. Nymphoides indica [Fig.5W] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 39(41)43; PD: 22(24)28 |
syntricolporate |
microbaculate |
oblate (EqV); triangular (PV) |
Z |
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APIACEAE Lindl. |
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Eryngium L. |
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Type 35. Eryngium [Fig.5X-Y] |
monad |
radiosymmetric |
isopolar |
EqD: 14(18)23; PD: 32(42)48 |
tricolporate |
psilate |
perprolate (EqV); circular (PV) |
Z |
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