Figure 1
Characterization of Zeyheria montana and Z. tuberculosa nectar chamber. (A = Light microscopy, B-H = SEM). (A) Longitudinal section through basal portion of the flower tube of Z. tuberculosa showing the nectar chamber (hatched area) that comprises the reduced nectary disk, the stipe covered with abundant ramified non-glandular trichomes, the petals axil and the base of corolla covered with abundant glandular trichomes. (B) Glabrous nectary disk in Z. montana. (C) Glabrous nectary disk in Z. tuberculosa. (D) Stomata on the nectary disk in Z. montana, note the flocculent material around the stomata. (E) Corolla base of Z. tuberculosa showing the glabrous petal's axils (arrow) and the upper region lined with glandular trichomes. (F) Detail of the nectar chamber showing the capitate glandular trichomes and papillae in Z. montana. (G) Detail of the nectar chamber showing the capitate glandular trichomes and papillae in Z. tuberculosa. (H) Detail of the capitate glandular trichomes of variable sizes showing the cuticle blisters (arrow head) in the apical region of secretory head in Z. tuberculosa. Scale bars = 200 μm (A), 100 μm (B, C), 20 μm (D), 150 μm (E), 50 μm (F, G), 25 μm (H). Abbreviations: as, adnate stamen; gt, glandular trichome; nc, nectar chamber; nd, nectary disk; ov, ovary; pa, papilla; pt, petal; sp, sepal; st, stipe.
Figure
2. Nectary disk of Zeyheria montana and Z. tuberculosa flowers in the first day of anthesis. (A = Light microscopy, B-N = TEM). (A) Longitudinal section through the Z. tuberculosa corolla tube base showing the nectary disk composed by uniseriate epidermis and nectary parenchyma. The hatched area shows abundant xylem in the junction region of corolla base and nectary disk. (B) A general view of Z. tuberculosa disk showing the uniseriate epidermis and nectary parenchyma cells with conspicuous nuclei, vacuoles of variable sizes, starch grains and phloem elements. Note that starch grains decreased in size and abundance from nectary parenchyma toward epidermis. (C) Nectary parenchyma cell of Z. montana showing plastids containing starch grains, protein inclusions an oil drops and protein bodies scattered in the cytoplasm (*). (D) Nectary parenchyma cell of Z. montana showing hyperactive Golgi bodies and mitochondria. (E) Epidermal cells of Z. tuberculosa disk showing vacuoles filled with finely flocculent material, oil bodies and membrane debris. Note abundant plasmodemata in the hatched area. (F) Epidermal cells of Z. tuberculosa disk showing sinuous plasma membrane, abundant ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum and mutivesicular bodies. Note vesicles (head arrows) close to the plasma membrane. (G, I) Golgi bodies and vesicles and (G, H) tubules of endoplasmic reticulum marked with ZIO methods in the nectary parenchyma cells of Z. montana. (J) Nectary parenchyma cell of Z. montana exhibiting vacuole with multivesicular bodies and protein inclusions in the cytoplasm. (K) Oil bodies in the epidermal cells of Z. tuberculosa. (L) Phloem cells in the nectary parenchyma of Z. montana. (M) Epidermal cell of Z. tuberculosa with dense accumulations in the walls and periplasmic space, oil drops scattered in the cytoplasm and on the cuticle (arrow head). Arrows indicate plasmodesmata in the inner periclinal cell wall. (N) Intercellular space with accumulations of flocculent material in the nectary parenchyma of Z. tuberculosa. Scale bars = 150 μm (A), 5 μm (B), 0,5 μm (C, G, H, J, N), 0,4 μm (D, I), 0,7 μm (E), 0,2 μm (F, K), 2 μm (L), 1,5 μm (M). Abbreviations: cc, companion cells; cw, cell wall; er, endoplasmic reticulum; Gb, Golgi body; is, intercellular space; mb, multivesicular body; mi, mitochondria; nd, nectary disk; nu, nuclei; ol, oil body; pc, parenchyma cells; pl, plastid; pt, petal; sg, starch grains; st, stipe; ste, sieve tube elements; va, vacuole.
Fig 3
Stipe of Zeyheria
montana and Z. tuberculosa flowers in the first day of anthesis (TEM). Z. tuberculosa (A-B, E-G) and Z. montana (C-D). (A) A general view of the epidermis and parenchyma cells with conspicuous nuclei (nu), vacuoles of variable sizes, oil bodies, and amyloplasts with starch grains. Arrows indicate phloem elements. Note that the starch grains decreased in size and abundance from nectary parenchyma toward epidermis. (B) Detail of parenchyma cells showing nuclei, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, plastid with large starch grains and vacuoles containing finely flocculent material and membrane debris. Note the wall protuberances (*). (C) Detail of cytoplasm from the parenchyma cell showing Golgi body, amyloplasts and oil drop. (D) Golgi bodies cisterns and vesicles marked with ZIO method. (E) Subepidermal parenchyma cells showing cytoplasmic oil bodies, plastids with residual starch grains and vacuoles filled with flocculent material. (F) Phloem comprised by sieve tube elements with large caliber, companion cells and parenchyma cells. (G) Parenchyma cells with abundant ribosomes, extensive endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic oil bodies, and developed periplasmic space. Observe vesicles merged with plasma membrane (arrows) and intercellular space filled with flocculent content. Scale bars = 4 μm (A, F), 0,5 μm (B, C), 0,4 μm (D), 1 μm (E), 0,8 μm (F). Abbreviations: cc, companion cells; cw, cell wall; er, endoplasmic reticulum; Gb, Golgi body; is, intercellular space; mi, mitochondria; nu, nuclei; ol, oil body; pc, parenchyma cells; pl, plastid; sg, starch grains; ste, sieve tube elements; va, vacuole.
Figure 4
Petals' axils of Zeyheria tuberculosa flowers in the first day of anthesis. (A = Light microscopy, B-F = TEM). (A) Longitudinal section trough the corolla tube base showing the petal's axils (hatched area) comprised by smaller epidermal and parenchyma cells, compactly arranged. (B) A general view showing epidermis and parenchyma cells of variable size and shape with conspicuous nuclei, dense cytoplasm with amyloplasts, and vacuoles of variable sizes. (C) Detail of epidermal cell showing plastids containing starch grains of variable sizes, mitochondria and Golgi body. Note the vacuoles presenting flocculent materials and membrane debris. (D) Detail of cytoplasm of epidermal cell showing RER profiles, hyperactive Gogi bodies with numerous adjacent vesicles and conspicuous oil bodies. Note the vesicles close to the plasma membrane (arrowhead). (E) Epidermal cell in the junction of the petal and the disk presenting a very thick cell wall, dense and abundant cytoplasm rich in membranous organelles. Note the formation of channels in the thickened middle lamellae along the anticlinal cell walls (arrows). (F) Detail of the previous figure showing cytoplasmic oil body, polyribosomes, proliferate RER and SER, vesicles close to the plasma membrane and flocculent material in the periplasmic space. Scale bars: 80 μm (A), 5 μm (B), 2 μm (C) 1 μm (D), 2,5 μm (E), 0,5 μm (F). Abbreviations: cw, cell wall; Gb, Golgi body; mi, mitochondria; nu, nuclei; ol, oil body; pl, plastid; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; ser, smooth endoplasmic reticulum; sg, starch grains; va, vacuole.
Figure 5
Capitate trichomes of Zeyheria montana and Z. tuberculosa flowers in the first day of anthesis (TEM). (A-B) A general view of the capitate trichomes showing the basal cell, wide stalk cell and secretory head covered with a thick cuticle of Z. tuberculosa and Z. montana, respectively. Note the subcuticular space (arrow) in the apical region of the secretory head in (B). (C) Detail of Z. tuberculosa head cell showing the thick cuticle presenting a cuticle layer containing a dense fibrillar network. Note abundant and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. (D) Detail of Z. montana head cell showing electron-lucent and electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm. (E) Part of cytoplasm of Z. tuberculosa head cell showing abundant polyribosomes, Golgi body and electron-dense inclusion. (F) Detail of head cell of Z. montana showing sinuous loose cell wall and secretion accumulated in the subcuticular and periplasmic space. Note extensive RER and globular mitochondria in the cytoplasm. (G) Apical region of secretory head of Z. tuberculosa showing the proliferated SER with dilated cisterns. Note the presence of globular plastids, cytoplasmic dense bodies and mitochondria. Observe the large periplasmic space and subcuticular space with oil accumulation. (H-I) Globular plastid with electron-dense tubules and dark granules in the stroma in Z. tuberculosa and Z. montana, respectively. Scale bars = 5 μm (A, B), 0,5 μm (C, H-I), 1 μm (D), 0,7 μm (E, F), 2 μm (G). Abbreviations: bc, basal cell; ct, cuticle; cw, cell wall; Gb, Golgi body; mi, mitochondria; ol, oil body; pl, plastid; ps, periplasmic space; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; st, stalk cell; sh, secretory head; ser, smooth endoplasmic reticulum; ss, subcuticular space; va, vacuole.
Figure 6
Papilla of Zeyheria montana flowers in the first day of anthesis (TEM). (A) A general view of the papilla showing thick folding cuticle, abundant cytoplasm, small vacuoles and cytoplasmic dense inclusions, previously identified as flavonoids. Arrows indicate Plasmodesmata in the inner periclinal cell wall. (B) Detail of cytoplasm exhibiting polyribosomes, globular mitochondria containing black granulations, plastids with electron-dense inclusions, and scattered oil drops. (C) Part of two cells showing dense cytoplasm with Golgi body, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies and plastid containing protein inclusion (*), osmiophilic granulations and oil inclusion. Note rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles juxtaposed to the plasma membrane. (D) Conspicuous protein bodies in the cytoplasm and inside plastid (*). Note flavonoids scattered in the cytoplasm and attached to the inner surface of the tonoplast. Scale bars = 3 μm (A), 0,7 μm (B, D), 0,5 μm (C). Abbreviations: ct, cuticle; fl, flavonoid; Gb, Golgi body; mb, multivesicular body; mi, mitochondria; ol, oil bodies; pl, plastid; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; va, vacuole.