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IMPEACHMENT OR BACKSLIDING? Threats to democracy in the twenty-first century * * This paper is based on a presentation made at the Anpocs annual meeting, Caxambu-MG, October 25, 2017. I am indebted to Fabiano Santos and Gabriela Rosa for inviting me to write this essay and for their patience waiting for its completion.

IMPEACHMENT OU RETROCESSO? AMEAÇAS À DEMOCRACIA NO SÉCULO XXI

IMPEACHMENT OU MARCHE ARRIÈRE ? MENACES À LA DÉMOCRATIE AU XXIE SIÈCLE

The age of military coups has ended, but democracy still confronts major challenges in the early twenty-first century. What are the new threats for democratic survival? Is impeachment a functional equivalent to old-fashioned military coups? Using comparative data for Latin America, this paper shows that the institution of impeachment has been “stretched” for political purposes and that the social conditions that triggered military coups in the pasttrigger impeachments in the contemporary era. However, the paper argues that impeachments should not be confused with coups and presents a surprising result: even though legislators often manipulate the impeachment process to undermine elected presidents, the most common threat to democratic survival does not originate in legislatures, but in the executive branch. Concentration of power by the executive has undermined democracy in Latin Americaand elsewhere.

Impeachment; coup; Latin America; concentration of power


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