The GEOS-1 data from multiyear reanalysis are using. An altered Walker Circulation is initiated by the rising motion created over the warm ocean surface on the eastern Pacific. This occurred during the major El Niño event of 1982-1983. To compensate the rising motion, a sinking motion is generated over western Pacific completing the formation of the altered Walker Circulation. Thus, the initiation of the altered Walker Circulation is by the sea surface gradient as originally envisioned by Bjerknes.
Walker Circulation; El Niño; ENSO; Thermodynamics
