Taylor t al (2000) |
New Zealand |
White children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 years (n=380) |
Minimum circumference between the iliac crest and the rib cage |
≥1.5 Z-score for both genders |
≥80th percentile specific for age and gender |
McCarthy, Jarrett and Crawle (2001) |
United Kingdom |
Children and adolescents aged 5 to 16.9 years (n=8,355) |
Midpoint between the 10th rib and the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Fernández et al (2004) |
United States |
Children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years (n=9,713) |
Slightly above the upper lateral border of the right ilium |
>75th percentile specific for age, gender and ethnicity |
Fredriks et al (2005) |
Holland |
Individuals aged 0 to 21 years (n=14,500) |
Midpoint between the lowest rib and the top of the iliac crest |
≥1.3 Z-score for both genders |
Gómez-Díaz t al (2005) |
Mexico |
Children aged 6 to 10 years (n=833) |
Larger frontal abdominal extension between the lower ribcage and the upper iliac crest |
Males
|
6-10 years: 69.5 cm; 6-7 years: 61.5 cm; 8-9 years: 76.6 cm; 10 years: 75.7 cm |
Females
|
6-10 years: 66.2 cm; 6-7 years: 65.9 cm; 8-9 years: 70.1 cm; 10 years: 69.9 cm |
Schwandt, Kelishadi, and Haas (2008) |
Germany |
Children and adolescents aged 3 to 11 years (n=3,531) |
Midpoint between the 10th rib and the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Nawarycz t al (2010) |
Poland |
Children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years (n=5,663) |
Midpoint between the border of the last rib and the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Mazicioglu t al (2010) |
Turkey |
Children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (n=5,727) |
Minimum circumference between the iliac crest and ribs |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Xiong t al (2010) |
China |
Children and adolescents of the Han ethnic group aged 5 to 17 years (n=7,326) |
Midpoint between the last rib and the upper border of the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Fujita t al (2011) |
Japan |
Children aged 10 years (n=422) |
Umbilicus level (In case of displacement of the umbilicus by accumulation of fat, the measurement was taken at midpoint between the anterosuperior iliac spine and the lower rib cage) |
Males: 76.5cm |
Females: 73.0 cm |
Kuriyan t al (2011) |
India |
Children and adolescents aged 3 to 16 years (n=9,060) |
Midpoint between the lower rib cage and the iliac crest |
>75th percentile specific for age and gender |
Brannsether t al (2011) |
Norway |
Children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years (n=5,725) |
Midpoint between the last rib and the upper iliac crest |
>85th percentile (overweight) and |
>95th percentile (obesity) specific for age and gender |
Poh t al (2011) |
Malasia |
Children and adolescents aged 6 to 16.9 years (n=16,203) |
Midpoint between the last rib and the upper iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Mushtaq t al (2011) |
Pakistan |
Children and adolescents aged 5 to 12 years (n=1,860) |
Midpoint between the last rib and the upper border of the iliac crest |
≥90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Hatipoglu t al (2013) |
Turkey |
Children aged 0 to 6 years (n=2,947) |
Midpoint between the lower rib cage and the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |
Mederico t al (2013) |
Venezuela |
Children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years (n=919) |
Midpoint between the costal border and the iliac crest |
>90th percentile specific for age and gender |