|
|
New potential treatments for pertussis |
Clinical studies needed to evaluate effectiveness of Pendrin and Acetazolamide |
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Kilgore PE88. Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: microbiology, disease, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016;29:449-86.
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USA
-
2016
|
|
Review of microbiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention |
Comprehensive review on pertussis |
|
|
Duration of treatment with clarithromycin |
Positive PCR tests after seven days of clarithromycin |
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Wood N2020. Wood N, McIntyre P. Pertussis: review of epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prevention. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2008;9:201-11.
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Australia
-
2008
|
|
Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention |
Broad review |
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Berger JT2525. Berger JT, Carcillo JA, Shanley TP, Wessel DL, Clark A, Holubkov R, et al. Critical pertussis illness in children: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14:356-65.
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USA
-
2013
|
|
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
Hyperleukocytosis reduced by Nitric oxide Exchange transfusion indicated for pulmonary hypertension |
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Halperin SA2626. Halperin SA, Bortolussi R, Langley JM, Miller B, Eastwood BJ. Seven days of erythromycin estolate is as effective as fourteen days for the treatment of Bordetella pertussis infections. Pediatrics. 1997;100:65-71.
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Canada
-
1997
|
|
Time of erythromycin use for bacteria eradication |
Seven days of erythromycin as effective as 14 days for bacterial eradication in the nasopharynx |
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Altunaiji S4040. Altunaiji S, Kukuruzovic R, Curtis N, Massie J. Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:CD004404.
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USA
-
2007
|
|
Treatment and prophylaxis of pertussis |
All macrolides eradicate bacteria but do not alter the course of the disease |
|
|
Classical study: use of erythromycin for treatment and prevention |
Erythromycin more effective than other antibiotics for bacterial eradication |
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Tiwari T, CDC4242. Tiwari T, Murphy TV, Moran J, National Immunization Program CDC. Recommended antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis. 2005 CDC Guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54:1-16.
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USA
-
2005
|
Recommendation |
Antibiotic therapy and chemoprophylaxis |
Recommends replacement of erythromycin with azithromycin |
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Langley JM4343. Langley JM, Halperin SA, Boucher FD, Smith B, Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC). Azithromycin is as effective as and better tolerated than erythromycin estolate for the treatment of pertussis. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e96-101.
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Canada
-
2004
|
|
Azithromycin and erythromycin Eradication of bacteria, clinical and adverse effects |
Seven days of azithromycin as effective as 14 days of erythromycin, with fewer adverse effects |
|
|
Resistance of B. pertussis to erythromycin |
Resistance of B. pertussis to erythromycin was uncommon (1985 to 1997) |
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Lebel MH4545. Lebel MH, Mehra S. Efficacy and safety of clarithromycin versus erythromycin for the treatment of pertussis: a prospective, randomized, single blind trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:1149-54.
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USA
-
2001
|
|
Clarithromycin and azithromycin: efficacy and safety |
Clarithromycin as effective as erythromycin with fewer side effects |
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Lund M4646. Lund M, Pasternak B, Davidsen RB, Feenstra B, Krogh C, Diaz LJ, et al. Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1908.
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USA
-
2014
|
-
Multicenter cohort study
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999,378
|
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis as an adverse effect of macrolides |
Use of macrolides in neonates increased the risk of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
|
|
Severe pertussis: clinic and severity criteria |
Apnea and early paroxysms (less than a week of symptoms) are signs of severity and require ICU admission |
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Romano MJ4949. Romano MJ, Weber MD, Weisse ME, Siu BL. Pertussis pneumonia, hypoxemia, hyperleukocytosis, and pulmonary hypertension: improvement in oxygenation after a double volume exchange transfusion. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e264-6.
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USA
-
2004
|
|
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
Exchange transfusion effective for leukoreduction |
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Nieves D5050. Nieves D, Bradley JS, Gargas J, Mason WH, Lehman D, Lehman SM, et al. Exchange blood transfusion in the management of severe pertussis in young infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32:698-9.
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Canada
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2013
|
Descriptive study10 |
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
Exchange transfusion effective if performed early, before organ failure |
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Rowlands HE5151. Rowlands HE, Goldman AP, Harrington K, Karimova A, Brierley J, Cross N, et al. Impact of rapid leukodepletion on the outcome of severe clinical pertussis in young infants. Pediatrics. 2010;126:e816-27.
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England
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2010
|
Descriptive study19 |
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
Leukoreduction therapies may be considered safe in critically ill patients |
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Grzeszczak MJ5252. Grzeszczak MJ, Churchwell KB, Edwards KM, Pietsch J. Leukopheresis therapy for severe infantile pertussis with myocardial and pulmonary failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006;7:580-2.
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USA
-
2006
|
|
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
There was success in treatment with leukopheresis |
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Halasa NB5353. Halasa NB, Barr FE, Johnson JE, Edwards KM. Fatal pulmonary hypertension associated with pertussis in infants: does extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have a role? Pediatrics. 2003;112:1274-8.
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USA
-
2003
|
|
Severe pertussis: supportive treatment |
Use of ECMO was controversial. All patients died. |
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Wang K5454. Bettiol S, Wang K, Thompson MJ, Roberts NW, Perera R, Heneghan CJ, et al. Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012:CD003257.
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USA
-
2014
|
|
Symptomatic treatment of pertussis |
No symptomatic treatment of cough was effective |