Historical publications on vitamin A and nutritional blindness |
1600 BC |
Ebers Papyrus: indicates ox liver for the cure of night blindness, an initial VAD symptom - apud Wolf (1978) |
04 |
1865 |
Gama Lobo: describes 'ophthalmia brasiliana' in slave children in RJ and attributes the new ophthalmia to malnutrition (1865/6) |
05 / 06 |
1883 |
Hilário de Gouvêa: reaffirms the nutritional origin of 'ophthalmia brasiliana' (1883) |
12 |
1902 |
Euclydes da Cunha: describes the occurrence of night blindness during drought in Northeast in 'Os Sertões' (1902) |
13 |
1913 |
McCollum: discovers and characterizes vitamin A as essential nutrient and preventive factor of night blindness (1967) |
07 |
1934 |
Robalinho Cavalcanti: child blindness in the ophthalmologic services in Ceará (1934) |
14 |
1946 |
Josué de Castro: 'The Geography of Hunger' ('Geografia da Fome') (1946) |
15 |
1958 |
Leão: describes malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency among schools in Fortaleza, Ceará (1958) |
16 |
1966 |
Pereira, Freusberg: nutritional blindness in 66 children with intake of skim milk from Unicef in Florianópolis, SC (1966) |
17 |
T0 Description and observational studies |
1981-2 |
Santos et al.: epidemiological survey with 7,862 children in the 3 mesoregions of Paraíba; Bitot's spots prevalence (1983) |
18 |
1981-4 |
D'Ans et al.: epidemiological survey with 5,426 children in 11 microregions of Paraíba; Bitot's spots prevalence (1988) |
19 |
1982-4 |
Araújo et al.: surveillance at University Hospital of João Pessoa, Paraíba: nutritional blindness in children 0-2 years (1984) |
20 |
1984 |
Flores & Araújo: low liver concentration of retinol in children's autopsies in Pernambuco (1984) |
22 |
1984 |
Flores et al.: low serum levels of retinol in pre-school children in Pernambuco (1984) |
23 |
1986 |
Mariath at al.: survey with 6,291 children in Sertão of Rio Grande Norte; clinical cases and Bitot's spots (1989) |
21 |
1989 |
Santos et al.: survey with 754 children in Sertão of Bahia: inadequate intake and low serum levels of retinol (1996) |
24 |
T1 From discovery to application and intervention choice |
1982-1984 |
Sommer et al.: first controlled trial with vitamin A; indicated reduction of 34% in children mortality in Indonesia (1986) |
26 |
1994 |
Brasil/ Inan: Portaria nr 2160, 23/12/1994, National Program of Vitamin A Deficiency Control (1994) (extinguished in 1997) |
32 |
2005 |
Brasil/ MS: Portaria nr 729, 13/05/2005, reestablishes National Program of Vitamin A Supplementation (PNSVA) (2005 to date) |
33 |
T2 From application to synthesis of evidences |
1986-1992 |
Fawzi et al.: meta-analysis of 12 controlled trials; estimated 30% reduction in children mortality (1993) |
34 |
1986-1992 |
Glauziou, Makerras: meta-analysis of 20 controlled trials; estimated 30% reduction in children mortality (1993) |
35 |
1986-1992 |
Tonascia: meta-analysis of six controlled trials; estimated 34% reduction in children mortality (1993) |
36 |
1986-1993 |
Beaton et al.: meta-analysis of eight controlled trials; estimated 23% reduction in children mortality (1994) |
37 |
From application to efficacy assessment |
1991 |
Barreto et al.: randomized controlled study in children from 24 to 36 months in Sertão of Bahia, indicated 6% reduction in diarrhea cases incidence, 9% in moderate diarrhea incidence, and 20% in severe diarrhea incidence (1994) |
38 |
T3 From recommendation to assessment of implementation and coverage |
1983-2003 |
Martins et al.: describes the pathway of actions implementation of vitamin A deficiency control in Brazil (2007) |
25 |
1995-2002 |
Martins et al.: assesses the implementation of the national program of combat against vitamin A deficiency in Bahia (2007) |
39 |
2017 |
Brasil/ MS/ NT 175/ 2018: publicization of the coverage of the National Program of Vitamin A Supplementation in 2017 (2018) |
40 |
2008 |
Almeida et al.: low rate of knowledge on the program and vitamin A, Cabedelo, Paraíba (2010) |
42 |
2012 |
Marques et al.: practices and social representation of mothers on VAD, municipality of Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais (2017) |
43 |
2014 |
Lima et al.: little knowledge on the program and on vitamin A, in a population-based sample, Alagoas (2018) |
44 |
2007 |
Paiva et al.: analyses the view of the family health team on the vitamin A supplementation program, Paraíba (2011) |
45 |
2010 |
Brito et al.: perception of health professionals on the vitamin A supplementation program, Campina Grande, Paraíba (2016) |
46 |
T4 From practice to impact assessment |
1984-2017 |
Santos et al.: Translational Research on vitamin A: from randomized trial to intervention and impact assessment; indicated 'structural breaks' with 10% reduction in 1984, 17% in 1994 and 23% in 2006 in children mortality in the Northeast (2019) |
Present study |