Cognitive interventions and performance measures: a longitudinal study in elderly women

Chariglione, Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares; Silva, Henrique Salmazo da; Melo, Gislane Ferreira de; Vilaça e Silva, Karla Helena Coelho; Oliveira, Maria Liz Cunha de

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202037e190032

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. (Campinas) 37 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e190032 copy

Cognitive interventions and performance measures: a longitudinal study in elderly women

Intervenções cognitivas e medidas de desempenho: um estudo longitudinal em idosas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Several types of cognitive interventions have been performed with elderly individuals to verify physical and quality of life benefits. The objective of this study was to verify if the cognitive gains found in two cognitive intervention programs are related to changes in the mood, quality of life and physical fitness variables (maximum oxygen consumption, lean mass, fat percentage and handgrip strength). A total of 39 elderly women from the Distrito Federal (Brazil), participating in a cognitive training group based on mnemonic strategies and a group of cognitive stimulation based on perceptual and attention exercises. Both groups showed a tendency to reduce depressive symptoms, an increase in their fat mass and a decrease in their lean mass. Taken together, these findings may contribute to identify the directionality of mnemonic interventions in Brazilian elderly individuals regarding the subjective and physical performance variables.

Keywords:
Cognition; Elderly; Neuropsychology; Physical fitness; Quality of life

Variables	Levels	Stimullus		MEMO		p-value
Variables	Levels	n	% - M (SD)	n	% - M (SD)	p-value
Age			68.61 (+6.04)		69.70 (+7.75)	p = 0.684
Educational level	Did not complete Elementary School	4	17.40%	10	41.70%	p = 0.398
	Completed Elementary School	4	17.40%	2	8.30%
	Completed high school	2	8.70%	1	4.20%
	Did not complete high school	9	39.10%	5	20.80%
	Did not complete higher education	0	0.00%	1	4.20%
	Graduated	4	17.40%	5	20.80%
Social class	A2	3	13.00%	4	16.70%	p = 0.803
	B1	8	34.80%	3	12.50%
	B2	3	13.00%	7	29.20%
	C	2	8.70%	6	25.00%
	D	6	26.10%	2	8.30%
	E	1	4.30%	2	8.30%
Stroop Delta	Decreased	6	33.30%	8	38.10%	p = 0.760
	Increased	12	66.70%	13	61.90%
RAVLT Delta	Decreased	4	22.20%	8	38.10%	p = 0.291
	Increased	14	77.80%	13	61.90%
ACE-R Total Delta	Decreased	9	50.00%	5	23.80%	p = 0.134
	Increased	9	50.00%	16	76.20%
STROOP 3			40.39 (+12.87)		39.25 (+12.64)	p = 0.761
ACE-R TOTAL (1)			77.22 (+14.65)		77.67 (+13.75)	p = 0.914
GDS			4.26 (+2.77)		4.04 (+3.07)	p = 0.798
WHOQOL OLD			78.52 (+10.01)		76.08 (+9.35)	p = 0.393
Handgrip strength(kg/f)			44.19 (+12.50)		50.51 (+11.58)	p = 0.090
DXA (Fat %)			39.73 (+8.35)		40.12 (+6.17)	p = 0.871
VO_²			18.43 (+4.50)		19.24 (+4.21)	p = 0.394
Lean mass			40094.78 (+4675.29)		41510.39 (+5850.50)	p = 0.544

Variables	M	SD	Standard Mean Error	p value
STROOP 3 - Time	37.9500	11.60100	1.85800	p = 0.835
STROOP 3 (2) - Time	38.4600	16.15700	2.58700
Learning curve - A1-A5	39.1300	9.64700	1.54500	p < 0.001
Learning curve - A1-A5 (2)	44.0500	10.54800	1.68900
ACE-R - TOTAL (1)	78.4900	13.44200	2.15200	p = 0.167
ACE-R - TOTAL (2)	80.1300	13.51400	2.16400
GDS - TOTAL (1)	4.2300	2.96000	0.47400	p = 0.095
GDS - TOTAL (2)	3.4600	3.04200	0.48700
OQL - TOTAL (1)	77.8500	10.19700	1.59200	p = 0.898
OQL - TOTAL (2)	78.2000	16.54000	2.58300
HSDH	48.5214	12.15153	1.94580	p = 0.584
HSNDN	49.0342	11.46538	1.83593
Fat % (DXA) (1)	39.7400	7.33036	1.23906	p < 0.001
Fat % (DXA) (2)	44.7000	9.52767	1.61047
VO_² ml/kg.min ASSESSED (1)	20.1139	3.70897	0.66615	p = 0.394
VO_² ml/kg.min ASSESSED (2)	20.5429	4.57797	0.82223
Lean mass (DXA) (g)(1)	40831.5714	5723.83508	967.50471	p < 0.001
Lean mass (DXA) (g)(2)	37401.1143	5371.83104	908.00517

Cognitive Intervention	Pre-intervention		Post-intervention		Time factor	Time x Group
Cognitive Intervention	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	Time factor	Time x Group
	GDS
MEMO	4.05	(+3.04)	2.67	(+2.85)	F = 2.65 p = 0.11	F = 2.23 p = 0.140
Stimullus	4.44	(+2.93)	4.39	(+3.07)
	WHOQOL OLD Total
MEMO	76.48	(+9.91)	81.29	(+10.18)	F = 0.008 p = 0.93	F = 3.14 p = 0.084
Stimullus	79.30	(+10.53)	74.95	(+21.09)
	Handgrip strength
MEMO	51.47	(+11.26)	51.82	(+11.09)	F = 0.31 p = 0.58	F = 0.035 p = 0.850
Stimullus	45.07	(+12.54)	45.77	(+11.32)
	Fat % (DXA)
MEMO	40.08	(+6.37)	45.05	(+9.43)	F = 22.98 p < 0.001	F = 0.00 p = 0.980
Stimullus	39.22	(+8.80)	44.16	(+9.99)
	VO₂
MEMO	20.77	(+4.18)	22.23	(+5.86)	F = 2.75 p = 0.10	F = 2.09 p = 0.150
Stimullus	20.53	(+3.72)	20.62	(+4.22)
	Lean mass (DXA)
MEMO	44337	(+8361)	40969	(+9292)	F = 18.39 p < 0.001	F = 0.51 p = 0.820
Stimullus	41553.25	(+7096)	37808.81	(+6708)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Contributors

I. P. F. S. CHARIGLIONE participated in the general conception, writing, analysis of psychological and cognitive data and general review of this article. H. S. SILVA participated in the writing, cognitive data analysis and general review. G. F. MELO undertook physical data analysis and general review. K. H. C. V. SILVA did the writing, physical data analysis and general review. M. L. C. OLIVEIRA was responsible for the writing, social data analysis and general review of this article.