Development and validation of a booklet for prevention of vertical HIV transmission

Lima, Ana Carolina Maria Araújo Chagas Costa; Bezerra, Karine de Castro; Sousa, Deise Maria do Nascimento; Rocha, Joanna de Freitas; Oriá, Mônica Oliveira Batista

doi:10.1590/1982-0194201700028

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Acta Paulista de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Acta Paul Enferm. 30 (2) • Mar-Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700028 copy

Development and validation of a booklet for prevention of vertical HIV transmission

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To describe the process of development and validation of an educational booklet for prevention of HIV - vertical transmission.

Method

A methodological study conducted in three stages: bibliographical survey, development of the booklet, and validation by specialists in the subject and representatives of the target audience. Nine experts and 30 representatives of the target audience performed the validation. A minimum Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.78 was considered for content validation, and minimum agreement of 75% for face validation.

Results

The booklet presented a global CVI of 0.87. The level of agreement within the experts (91.1% -100%) and representatives of the target audience (98.1% -100%) was excellent. However, improvements in the booklet was proposed by the experts, which were accepted and modified for the final version of the material.

Conclusion

The booklet was validated using content and face validity. It can be considered an instrument to promote the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV, in the context of educational activities.

Infectious disease transmission, vertical; HIV; Teaching materials; Validation studies

Judges suggestions	Modifications implemented
Title change	Replaced the title for “How do you prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV? Learn this here!”
Replacement/exclusion of technical terms	Replaced “women infected with HIV” with “women with HIV”; Replaced “fertile age” by “reproductive age”; Replaced “transmission” with “transference”; The terms “standard test” and “rapid test” were replaced by “blood test from the vein” and “with a drop of blood from the finger”, respectively; Replacement of the term “milk formula” with “powdered milk; Excluded term “periodic” from “periodic examinations”.
Illustration reformulation	Reformulated the figure of HIV, writing the name “HIV” inside the virus figure to facilitate understanding; Reformulated the condom figure; Reformulated the figure of the childbirth types; Removed the figure of the woman breastfeeding and a red “X”, indicating that this practice cannot be performed, and replaced it with a figure of the mother with bandaged breasts, feeding the baby with artificial milk in a cup, with hearts around the mother/baby, demonstrating the love between them.
Simplification of phrases	Modified phrases for: “HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, a disease that attacks the body’s defense system” and “With the right treatment, people with HIV can live for years without developing AIDS”; Retracted part of the sentence “... depending on the amount of HIV in maternal blood and the obstetric indication, according to the obstetrician and infectious disease specialist’s assessment.” The sentence was as follows: “The delivery may be vaginal or cesarean depending on the amount of HIV in the mother’s blood and the medical indication”.
Replacement of expressions	Replaced the “should not be” by “not recommended” in the sentence: “Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers with HIV. “ The word “decrease” was replaced by “prevent” in the sentence: “Bandaging the breasts or taking recommended medication may be advisable to prevent milk supply”.
Units	Pregnant and postpartum women’s opinions
Knowledge promotion	“I liked everything in the booklet; it promotes a high level of knowledge” (pregnant woman 1).
Booklet content	“The booklet is very attractive and has information we need to know” (postpartum woman 7).
Clarity	“The booklet is clear, explanatory, great. Only those who have difficulty with interpretation would not understand, because it is very simple” (pregnant woman 2);
Design and booklet illustrations	“The size is good, small and unobtrusive. I liked everything, I think that nothing needs to be added” (pregnant woman 2); “I really liked the figures” (postpartum woman 3).
Psychosocial aspect	“I liked it very much, because it shows the woman with HIV smiling, showing that we can be happy with our child” (pregnant woman 14).
Self-care and child care	“It made me understand a little more about this disease and how to better care for my child, to not become sick” (pregnant woman 19); “It contains important information to take good care of myself” (postpartum woman 2).

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author. Ana Carolina Maria Araújo Chagas Costa Lima. Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 1115, 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. aninhaaraujoc@hotmail.com