Vaccines represent the intervention strategy with the best cost-benefit ratio so far applied in public health. Biotechnological advances in various areas of vaccine research have contributed to the development of safer and more effective formulations. Moreover, application of biotechnology tools to vaccine development has caused changes in the way we think and produce these reagents both for use in humans and animals. Such technologies bring renewed perspectives that, in the near future, vaccines for the control of several non-preventable infectious and degenerative diseases will be available. In particular, the development of vaccines with therapeutic effects, although representing a huge challenge, are getting closer to reality and will have a tremendous impact in the treatment of several diseases such as some cancer forms.

Vaccines; Biotechnology; HPV; Cancer; Therapeutic vaccines