Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and optical analyses of intensively weathered soils containing high levels of oxide-hydroxide of iron from a pilot project on precision agriculture, including 13 farms in the southwest of Paraná state, Brazil, were carried out, aiming at defining parameters of soil fertility. The results of the optical studies in the laboratory were compared with those obtained by the use of a portable spectroradiometer in field conditions. The studied soils were mainly composed of 1:1 clay minerals, oxides and oxide hydroxides of iron (mainly goethite and hematite) and aluminum (mainly gibbsite), characteristics of highly weathered soils, as for example Ferralsols. The EPR spectra, typical of mutual magnetic interaction of aggregated Fe3+ ions, showed a signal linewidth increase at g ca. 2 upon cooling. This phenomenon can be caused by changing the crystal field environment of Fe3+ ions or by the spin-spin relaxation mechanism, which causes an increase of linewith when the temperature decreases. The optical spectral curves obtained from the portable spectroradiometer presented less detailed but more specific features for each soil sample analyzed. The results indicate that use of the portable spectroradiometer along with mathematical tools such as the second derivative mode of the Kubelka-Munk function is a good alternative to analyze clay soils rich in metallic oxide and oxide hydroxides. A full attribution of the spectra features was made, mainly for the electronic transitions between energy levels into Fe3+-Fe3+ couples.
spectroradiometer; EPR spectroscopy of soils; optical spectra of iron oxides; remote sensing; spectra of intensively weathered soils
