| 2015 |
Kahn et al.(1414 Kahn JM, Le T, Angus DC, Cox CE, Hough CL, White DB, Yende S, Carson SS; ProVent Group Study Investigators. The epidemiology of chronic critical illness in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(2):282-7.)
|
8 or more days in an ICU with one or more of the following six conditions: MV, tracheotomy, stroke, head trauma, sepsis and serious injury |
| 2013 |
Loss et al.(1111 Loss SH, Marchese CB, Boniatti MM, Wawrzeniak IC, Oliveira RP, Nunes LN, et al. Prediction of chronic critical illness in a general intensive care unit. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2013;59(3):241-7.)
|
21 days on MV or tracheotomy |
| 2012 |
Carson et al.(1616 Carson SS, Kahn JM, Hough CL, Seeley EJ, White DB, Douglas IS, Cox CE, Caldwell E, Bangdiwala SI, Garrett JM, Rubenfeld GD; ProVent Investigators. A multicenter mortality prediction model for patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(4):1171-6.)
|
21 days on MV for at least six hours/day |
| 2011 |
Boniatti et al.(1717 Boniatti MM, Friedman G, Castilho RK, Vieira SR, Fialkow L. Characteristics of chronically critically ill patients: comparing two definitions. Clinics (São Paulo). 2011;66(4):701-4.)
|
21 days on MV or tracheotomy |
| 2008 |
Zilberberg et al.(1818 Zilberberg MD, Luippold RS, Sulsky S, Shorr AF. Prolonged acute mechanical ventilation, hospital resource utilization, and mortality in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(3):724-30.)
|
96 hours or more on MV |
| 2007 |
Scheinhorn et al.(1515 Scheinhorn DJ, Hassenpflug MS, Votto JJ, Chao DC, Epstein SK, Doig GS, Knight EB, Petrak RA; Ventilation Outcomes Study Group. Ventilator-dependent survivors of catastrophic illness transferred to 23 long-term care hospitals for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2007;131(1):76-84.)
|
Prolonged MV due to respiratory failure |
| 2005 |
MacIntyre et al.(1919 MacIntyre NR, Epstein SK, Carson S, Scheinhorn D, Christopher K, Muldoon S; National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care. Management of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation: report of a NAMDRC consensus conference. Chest. 2005;128(6):3937-54.)
|
21 days on MV for at least six hours/day |
| 2005 |
Daly et al.(2020 Daly BJ, Douglas SL, Kelley CG, O'Toole E, Montenegro H. Trial of a disease management program to reduce hospital readmissions of the chronically critically ill. Chest. 2005;128(2):507-17.)
|
72 hours or more on MV |
| 2004 |
Nelson et al.(99 Nelson JE, Meier DE, Litke A, Natale DA, Siegel RE, Morrison RS. The symptom burden of chronic critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(7):1527-34.)
|
Prolonged dependence on ventilatory support or tracheotomy associated with metabolic, neuroendocrine, neuropsychiatric and immunological changes |
| 2002 |
Nierman(2121 Nierman DM. A structure of care for the chronically critically ill. Crit Care Clin. 2002;18(3):477-91, v.)
|
Previous critical illness survival that presents significant functional impairment and dependence on intensive nursing care and advanced technology |
| 2002 |
Carson e Bach(2222 Carson SS, Bach PB. The epidemiology and costs of chronic critical illness. Crit Care Clin. 2002;18(3):461-76.)
|
21 or more days of continuous care and dependence on MV in an ICU |
| 2000 |
Nasraway et al.(2323 Nasraway SA, Button GJ, Rand WM, Hudson-Jinks T, Gustafson M. Survivors of catastrophic illness: Outcome after direct transfer from intensive care to extended care facilities. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(1):19-25.)
|
Presence of severe previous diseases or complications during the ICU stay, often dependent on MV or renal replacement therapy |
| 1997 |
Douglas et al.(2424 Douglas SL, Daly BJ, Brennan PF, Harris S, Nochomovitz M, Dyer MA. Outcomes of long-term ventilator patients: a descriptive study. Am J Crit Care 1997;6(2):99-105.)
|
Required intensive nursing care and a length of stay of two weeks or more in an ICU |
| 1985 |
Girard and Raffin(44 Girard K, Raffin TA. The chronically critically ill: to save or let die? Respir Care. 1985;30(5):339-47.)
|
No survival despite extraordinary life support for weeks to months |
