Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) during orthodontic movement in rats. A hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were applied force of 30 cN with spring closed nickel-titanium to move the upper right first molar to mesial. In the Control Movement group (CM), only tooth movement was performed; the Control Acid Zoledronic group (CAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) of ZA; the Experimental Acid Zoledronic group (EAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) one week prior to the start of tooth movement; and the Control Without movement group (CWM) that received no drug and without application of tooth movement. The animals were euthanized after 3, 7 and 14 days. Tooth movement was measured using a caliper, the number of osteoclasts using TRAP staining, the expression of mature and immature collagen using picrosirius staining, and the presence of hyaline areas and root resorption using HE. The data were compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell and chi-squared test, at the 5% significance level. It was observed a smaller number of osteoclasts and greater percentage of hyaline area in the EAZ group. There was no difference among the groups regarding bone remodeling, root resorption and tooth movement for all observed times.

Key Words:
diphosphonates; tooth movement; orthodontics

Authorship

Marcel Durante Brunet

Graduate Program in Dentistry, Orthodontics, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, Orthodontics, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

Cristiano Miranda de Araujo

Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues Johann

Graduate Program in Dentistry, Histopathology, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, Histopathology, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

Elisa Souza Camargo

Orlando Motohiro Tanaka

Odilon Guariza Filho

Correspondence: Odilon Guariza Filho, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Tel: +55-41-3271-1515. e-mail: odilongfilho@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (7)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Scheme of the orthodontic device used.

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Figure 2
Photomicrograph of blade stained with TRAP, EZA group (A,B,C) and CM group (D,E,F) on the 3 (A,D), 7 (B,E) and 14 day (C,F) after orthodontic appliance installation. A larger number of osteoclasts (TRAP-positive cells) were observed, on the pressure side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root of the maxillary right first molar, in the CM group when compared to EZA group. AB, alveolar bone, PL, periodontal ligament, OC, osteoclasts, black arrows indicate TRAP-positive cells (TRAP, magnification 400×).

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Figure 3
Photomicrograph of blade stained with Picrosirius of the distal side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root first molar upper right of the EZA group (A,B,C) and CM group (D,E,F) on the 3 (A,D), 7 (B,E) and 14 day (C,F) after orthodontic appliance installation. No difference in staining of bone collagen was observed in the CM and EZA groups, at any time point. AB, alveolar bone; PL, periodontal ligament; CEM, cementum (Picrosirius staining, magnification 100×).

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Figure 4
Photomicrograph of blade stained with hematoxylin and eosin on the mesial side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root first molar upper right at the 14 day time, hyaline areas and root resorption in groups: CM (A), CAZ (B), and EAZ (C). The groups to which tooth movement were made (CM and EZA) showed a higher percentage of hyaline area. AH, hyaline area; RR, root resorption; OA, alveolar bone; LP, periodontal ligament; DEN, dentin; CEM, cementum (Hematoxylin and eosin staining, 100× magnification).

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Figure 5
Amount of dental movement according to group and time.

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Figure 6
Comparison between groups x time of the number of osteoclasts variable.

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Figure 7
Comparison between groups x time of the % of type I and III collagen on bone.

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Table 1
Mean, standard deviation and p value of the tooth movement in the movement control group (CM) and the experimental zoledronic acid (EZA) group on days 3, 7 and 14

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Table 2
Mean, standard deviation and p value of the variables: number of osteoclasts, percentage of Type I collagen, percentage of Type III collagen in the movement control group (CM), the zoledronic acid (CZA) control group, the experimental (EZA) group and the control without movement (CWM) group, on days 3, 7 and 14

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Table 3
Percentage and p value of the presence of variables: hyaline area and root resorption in the movement control group (CM), the zoledronic acid (CZA) control group, the experimental (EZA) group, and the control without movement (CWM) group, on days 3, 7 and 14

Figure 1 Scheme of the orthodontic device used.

Figure 2 Photomicrograph of blade stained with TRAP, EZA group (A,B,C) and CM group (D,E,F) on the 3 (A,D), 7 (B,E) and 14 day (C,F) after orthodontic appliance installation. A larger number of osteoclasts (TRAP-positive cells) were observed, on the pressure side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root of the maxillary right first molar, in the CM group when compared to EZA group. AB, alveolar bone, PL, periodontal ligament, OC, osteoclasts, black arrows indicate TRAP-positive cells (TRAP, magnification 400×).

Figure 3 Photomicrograph of blade stained with Picrosirius of the distal side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root first molar upper right of the EZA group (A,B,C) and CM group (D,E,F) on the 3 (A,D), 7 (B,E) and 14 day (C,F) after orthodontic appliance installation. No difference in staining of bone collagen was observed in the CM and EZA groups, at any time point. AB, alveolar bone; PL, periodontal ligament; CEM, cementum (Picrosirius staining, magnification 100×).

Figure 4 Photomicrograph of blade stained with hematoxylin and eosin on the mesial side of the periodontal ligament of the mesial vestibular root first molar upper right at the 14 day time, hyaline areas and root resorption in groups: CM (A), CAZ (B), and EAZ (C). The groups to which tooth movement were made (CM and EZA) showed a higher percentage of hyaline area. AH, hyaline area; RR, root resorption; OA, alveolar bone; LP, periodontal ligament; DEN, dentin; CEM, cementum (Hematoxylin and eosin staining, 100× magnification).

Figure 5 Amount of dental movement according to group and time.

Figure 6 Comparison between groups x time of the number of osteoclasts variable.

Figure 7 Comparison between groups x time of the % of type I and III collagen on bone.

Table 1 Mean, standard deviation and p value of the tooth movement in the movement control group (CM) and the experimental zoledronic acid (EZA) group on days 3, 7 and 14

Games-Howell Test with a 5% level of significance. * p=<0.05; ** p=<0.01; *** p=<0.001; ****p=<0.0001.

Table 2 Mean, standard deviation and p value of the variables: number of osteoclasts, percentage of Type I collagen, percentage of Type III collagen in the movement control group (CM), the zoledronic acid (CZA) control group, the experimental (EZA) group and the control without movement (CWM) group, on days 3, 7 and 14

Games-Howell Test with a 5% level of significance. *p=0<.05; **p=0<.01; ***p=0<.001; ****p=0<.0001.

Table 3 Percentage and p value of the presence of variables: hyaline area and root resorption in the movement control group (CM), the zoledronic acid (CZA) control group, the experimental (EZA) group, and the control without movement (CWM) group, on days 3, 7 and 14

Chi-squaretest with a significance level of 5%. P value referring to the difference test between two proportions. *p=0<.05; **p=0<.01; ***p=0<.001; ****p=0<.0001

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Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

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[1] Correspondence: Odilon Guariza Filho, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Tel: +55-41-3271-1515. e-mail: odilongfilho@hotmail.com