Determinants of recognition of TRACES certification as valuable opportunity at the farm level in São Paulo, Brazil

Vinholis, Marcela de Mello Brandão; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; Carrer, Marcelo José; Chaddad, Fabio Ribas

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.146513

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Articles • Prod. 26 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.146513 copy

Determinants of recognition of TRACES certification as valuable opportunity at the farm level in São Paulo, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System) is a veterinary health network created by the European Union to certify and monitor trade of animal products. This research aims to identify the factors that explain why few Brazilian farmers recognized adoption of the TRACES certification as a valuable opportunity. A farm is required to adopt traceability and a set of associated technologies to obtain certification. A sample of 84 beef cattle farms provided data for the testing of the hypotheses by means of a bivariate logit model. The recognition of the opportunity is positively correlated with previous experience with other quality programs, access to up-to-date information, a more diversified life experience, and active participation in relationship networks.

Keywords:
Entrepreneurship; Traceability; Agriculture; Technology innovation; Beef cattle

Regions of São Paulo state	SISBOV farms		Sample of certified farms		Sample of non certified farms
Araçatuba	19	13.9%	4	12.5%	15	28.8%
Assis	4	2.9%	0	0.0%	1	1.9%
Araraquara	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	1	1.9%
Bauru	26	19.0%	6	18.8%	7	13.5%
Campinas	1	0.7%	1	3.1%	1	1.9%
Macro Metropolitana Paulista	2	1.5%	1	3.1%	0	0.0%
Marília	6	4.4%	3	9.4%	2	3.8%
Piracibaba	1	0.7%	1	3.1%	0	0.0%
Presidente Prudente	24	17.5%	4	12.5%	12	23.1%
Ribeirão Preto	12	8.8%	5	15.6%	8	15.4%
São José do Rio Preto	41	29.9%	7	21.9%	5	9.6%
Vale do Paraíba Paulista	1	0.7%	0	0.0%	0	0.0%
TOTAL	137		32		52

Characteristic of the individual	Proxy/variable	Hypotheses
Capacity to use stored information	Schooling (H1) – Level of education	The higher the level of education, the greater the knowledge base and the capacity to use stored information, which gives the individual a greater chance of recognizing a valuable opportunity.
Previous experience with the subject of the opportunity	Certification experience (H2) - previous experience with other certifications and quality practices	Individuals with previous experience in other certifications or quality practices, such as GlobalGap, show a greater chance of recognizing a valuable opportunity.
Access to the up-to-date information	Agricultural newsletter (H3) – paid specialized information and accessed electronically	Paid access to institutional and market information prepared by consultants specialized in agriculture and livestock increases the chances of recognizing a valuable opportunity.
Diversified life experience	Life experience (H4) - Living in large urban areas for more than six months and frequent international business trips	More cosmopolitan individuals who have access to international market information have a broader and more diversified knowledge base which contributes to increasing the chance of recognizing a valuable opportunity.
Broad network of relationships	Relationship (H5) - Effective participation in groups for cattle farmers, formally and informally organized	The more farmers participate in relationship networks related to livestock, the greater the chance of recognizing a valuable opportunity.
Active seeking for novelty	Novelty seeking (H6) - Score measured by the test TCI-56 (Adan et al., 2009Adan, A., Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., Caci, H., & Natale, V. (2009). A reduced Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-56): psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(7), 687-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01... ; 2010Adan, A., Lachica, J., Caci, H., & Natale, V. (2010). Circadian typology and temperament and character personality dimensions. Chronobiology International, 27(1), 181-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420520903398559. PMid:20205565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420520903398... ).	The higher the score on the test, the greater the impulsiveness of the individual for novelty and the higher the chance of recognizing a valuable opportunity.

Variable	Certified farms					Non-certified farms					Student's t-test
Variable	n	mean	max.	min.	s.d.	n	mean	max.	min.	s.d.	(p)
Novelty seeking^* * Six individuals from the sample refused to answer questions for the variable novelty seeking.	31	15.87	24	9	4.05	47	16.36	29	8	4.64	0.6324

		Certified farms	Non-certified farms
Variable		(n=32)	(n=52)	Chi-square
Variable		Freq. (%)	Freq. (%)	(p)
Relationship	No	75	96	0.0105
	Yes	25	4	0.0105
Agricultural newsletter	No	47	81	0.0012
	Yes	53	19	0.0012
Certification experience	No	63	94	0.0007
	Yes	38	6	0.0007
Life experience	No	56	85	0.0089
	Yes	44	15	0.0089
Schooling	No	6	23	0.0876
	Yes	94	77	0.0876

n=78		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	SISBOV/TRACES Certification	1.00
2	Relationship	0.32	1.00
3	Agricultural newsletter	0.35	0.22	1.00
4	Certification experience	0.40	0.31	0.28	1.00
5	Life experience	0.31	0.20	0.17	0.15	1.00
6	Schooling	0.22	0.16	0.17	0.21	0.27	1.00
7	Novelty seeking	-0.04	0.28	-0.03	0.04	0.15	-0.13	1.00

Number of obs = 78			Log-likelihood = -38.09
Chi² = 28.65			NagelKerke R² = 0.42
Variables	Estimate (β)	Odds Ratio (e^β)	Std. Error.	p
Intercept	2.8448		1.5329	0.0635
Relationship^ Significant at 10% level	1.0061	2.7349	0.6008	0.0940
Agricultural newsletter^ Significant at 10% level	0.5497	1.7328	0.3043	0.0708
Certification experience^* * Significant at 5% level	0.8085	2.2445	0.3967	0.0416
Life experience^* * Significant at 5% level	0.6786	1.9712	0.3368	0.0439
Schooling	0.0106	1.0106	0.4604	0.9816
Novelty seeking	-0.0968	0.9078	0.0724	0.1813
Correct prediction				74.26

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