A measurement model for managing performance of horizontal business networks and a research case

Bonatto, Franciele; Resende, Luis Mauricio Martins; Pontes, Joseane; Andrade Junior, Pedro Paulo de

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.005117

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Research Article • Prod. 27 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.005117 copy

A measurement model for managing performance of horizontal business networks and a research case

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A significant challenge facing companies that are members of collaborative networks are measuring their market performance, even as they evaluate their contribution to the development of the network. This paper develops a model for analyzing the performance measurement of horizontal business networks. We do this by reviewing literature related to performance management in horizontal networks and systematically selecting eight functional perspectives, and 25 operational factors associated with them, to measure the performance of both companies and the network. We employ the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for deciding perspective weights and use its quantitative results to create a diagram for representing the effectiveness of performance management at the company and network level. The model is tested by applying it to companies in an Information Technology business network. We analyze the results of the individual and network performance of the companies surveyed, along with the evaluative perspectives relevant to the network.

Keywords
Collaborative networks; Performance management; Performance evaluation; Management model; Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Author	Perspective	Principle	Characteristics
Verdecho et al. (2012)Verdecho, M. J., Alfaro-Saiz, J. J., Rodríguez, R. R., & Bas, O. A. (2012). Retracted: the analytic network process for managing inter-enterprise collaboration – a case study in a collaborative enterprise network. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 626-637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.07.054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.07...	Factors and elements affecting the performance of companies’ networks	Balanced Scorecard system and Network Analysis Process (ANP)	Developed a structure capable of identifying the performance measuring factors and elements that most affect the business networks’ performance
Saiz et al. (2007)Saiz, J. J. A., Bas, A. O., & Rodríguez, R. R. (2007). Performance measurement system for enterprise networks. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(4), 305-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410400710745324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410400710745...	Alignment of strategies between supply chain, network and company	Balanced Scorecard system	Developed a more complex structure, relating the individual, chain and network levels to define a model that can align goals and strategies in every level
Francisco et al. (2012)Francisco, R. P., Azevedo, A., & Almeida, A. (2012). Alignment prediction in collaborative networks. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 23(8), 1038-1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381211276862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381211276...	Predictive alignment between network partners	Fit Degree Supporting Tools and predictive performance measurement	Designed a performance measurement system to actively assess whether a network partner is supporting and will continue to support the network globally so that the strategic objectives defined by the network can be realized
Galdámez et al. (2009)Galdámez, E. V. C., Carpinetti, L. C. R., & Gerolamo, M. C. (2009). Proposta de um sistema de avaliação do desempenho para arranjos produtivos locais. Revista Gestão & Produção, 16(1), 133-151.	Measurement of the performance in small and medium companies’ networks	Balanced Scorecard system	Developed an evaluation system for small and medium business networks to guide the continuous improvement of these companies, besides promoting the collaboration and supporting the decision-making process of institutions, companies and the other parties involved
Pekkola (2013)Pekkola, S. (2013). Managing a network by utilizing performance measurement information. Measuring Business Excellence, 17(1), 72-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683041311311374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683041311311...	Performance measurement information	Case study	Examine how different network members utilize and use network‐level performance measurement information
Francisco et al. (2011)Francisco, R. P., Azevedo, A., Bastos, J., & Almeida, A. (2011). Using key alignment indicators for performance evaluation in collaborative networks. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, A. Pereira-Klen, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Adaptation and value creating collaborative networks – PRO-VE 2011 IFIP advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 362, pp. 159-166). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-2_18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-...	Strategic alignment between partners	Fit Degree Supporting Tools and Key Alignment Indicators	Measure strategic alignment using indicators due to the different alignment keys and indicators systems in place for the various participants in a collaborative network
Francisco et al. (2010)Francisco, R. P., Azevedo, A., & Bastos, J. (2010). Managing performance to align the participants of collaborative networks: case studies results. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, X. Boucher, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Collaborative Networks for a Sustainable World – PRO-VE 2010 IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (Vol. 336, pp. 545-552). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15961-9_65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15961-...	Strategic alignment between partners	Case studies of two collaboration networks	Verify that a performance management system helps decision-makers get the alignment between the participants of a collaborative network.
Ferreira et al. (2011b)Ferreira, R. P., Silva, J. N., Strauhs, F. R., & Soares, A. L. (2011b). Performance management in collaborative networks: a methodological proposal. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 17(10), 1412-1429.	Performance measurement template to a network based on individual models of each partner	Multi-criteria decision support method PROMETHEE, Hierarchical Framework for Performance Analysis (HFPA), Analytic hierarchy Process (AHP), ELECTRE (Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal solution)	Proposes a method for the design of performance evaluation systems in collaborative networks through an innovative combination of performance information classification and multi-criteria decision model. The method is implemented in a web-based collaborative platform that enables the members of a collaborative network to efficiently achieve specific performance models that result from a collective and negotiated construction
Verdecho et al. (2011)Verdecho, M. J., Rodríguez, R. R., & Saiz, J. J. A. (2011). A Structured methodology to implement performance measurement systems in collaborative networks. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, A. Pereira-Klen, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Adaptation and value creating collaborative networks – PRO-VE 2011 IFIP advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 362, pp. 151-158). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-2_17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-...	Methodology of implementation of performance measurement model in collaborative networks	Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Balanced Scorecard system	Provide a methodology based on the multi-criteria decision method that helps implement the different elements that comprise a performance measurement system for collaborative networks
Ferreira & Soares (2010)Ferreira, R. P., & Soares, A. L. (2010). A collaborative decision support method to design performance evaluation systems in CNOs. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, X. Boucher, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Collaborative networks for a sustainable world – PRO-VE 2010 IFIP advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 336, pp. 561-568). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15961-9_67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15961-...	Implementation and validation of the model pmColNet.	Case study	Describes an approach for the design of performance management models in collaborative networks, from a constructivist approach. 3 organizations implement a model.
Francisco & Azevedo (2009)Francisco, R. P., & Azevedo, A. (2009). An SSM-Based approach to implement a dynamic performance management system. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, I. Paraskakis, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Leveraging knowledge for innovation in collaborative networks – PRO-VE 2009 IFIP Advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 307, pp. 476-483). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04568-...	Strategic alignment, between the partners.	Flexible systems methodology (SSM).	Creation and redefinition of performance indicators, guaranteeing a platform that facilitates the efficiency of the strategy established by managers and promotes the strategic alignment between the partners.
Verdecho et al. (2010)Verdecho, M. J., Saiz, J. J. A., & Rodríguez, R. R. (2010). An approach to select suppliers for sustainable collaborative networks. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, X. Boucher, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Collaborative networks for a sustainable world. PRO-VE 2010 IFIP advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 336, pp. 304-311). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15961-9_36.	Selection of suppliers for sustainable business networks	Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Network Analysis Process (ANP) and three dimensions of supplier sustainability.	The authors develop a system based in the performance perspectives and indicators proposed by the system Balanced Scorecard, in the three dimensions of supplier sustainability and in the use of the network analysis process (ANP), allowing the connection between the suppliers’ sustainability criteria and the performance indicators defined by all the collaborating companies.
Ferreira et al. (2011a)Ferreira, P. S., Cunha, P. F., Carneiro, L., & Sá, A. (2011a). An approach to performance management in collaborative networks based on stakeholders’ key success factors. In: L.M. Camarinha-Matos, A. Pereira-Klen, & H. Afsarmanesh (Eds), Adaptation and value creating collaborative networks – PRO-VE 2011 IFIP advances in information and communication technology (Vol. 362, pp. 140-147). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-2_16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23330-...	Performance measurement model for collaborative networks based on key factors of success of stakeholders.	Key factors for success	Identifies the main stakeholders and the most relevant success factors that provide the perspective for the performance evaluation and improvement.

Perspectives	Performance Factors
Economic/Social	Professional qualification Regional contribution Company growth
Environment	Waste disposal
Social Capital	Company’s contribution to cooperative Actions Company’s contribution to the network
Financial	Sales Profitability Total cost of the company
Client	Clients favorable to the product Client’s loyalty Complaints/delation
Process	Non-conformities Variation of the production’s lead time Alignment of procedures and methods Initiatives for performance improvement Delivery terms Stock control
Growth/Learning	Forecast of market changes Innovative products Courses, trainings, lectures
Collaboration	Collaborative meetings between partners Health of collaboration index Collaborative practices among partners Quantity and quality of the information

Use of indicators at the company’s individual level
Answer	Description
0	Absent
1	Has it, but doesn’t use it
2	Has it and uses it irregularly
3	Has it and uses it regularly in the search for goals
4	Has it and uses as reference for benchmarking
Use of indicators at the network level
Answer	Description
0	Doesn’t know and doesn’t share it with the network
1	Only receives and/or provide indicators
2	Share indicators
3	Share indicator and work together in the search for goals
4	The network has its own indicators based on the companies’ indicators

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[1] * fbonatto@utfpr.edu.br