Method to assess the atmospheric pollutant emissions generated by railway track maintenance

Araujo, Jéssica Ferrari; Damascena, Thainá Fardin; Rosa, Rodrigo de Alvarenga; Pires, Patrício José Moreira; Carvalhaes, Bernardo Bicalho; Caliman, Rafaella Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.20190037

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Thematic Section - Sustainability in Transportation and Logistics • Prod. 30 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20190037 copy

Method to assess the atmospheric pollutant emissions generated by railway track maintenance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Paper aims

Propose a method to calculate and evaluate the pollutants emissions generated by the track maintenance process considering the life cycle of the three components: ballast, sleepers and rail.

Originality

After the literature review, we did not find any published research that quantifies, in an integrated way, the atmospheric pollutants emissions generated by the track maintenance process considering each component life cycle.

Research method

The proposed method was based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The method was applied to Vitória-Minas Railway (EFVM) using its own data and data from its suppliers.

Main findings

Results show that production and delivery is the phase that emits more because of the distance from the supplier to EFVM. Two maintenance locations were tested to evaluate the impact of maintenance distance in the emissions. Several analyses were done for each pollutant emission in each phase.

Implications for theory and practice

The method can be used by any railway, helping managers to adopt more sustainable strategies.

Keywords
Ballast; Sleeper; Rail; Life cycle assessment; Atmospheric pollutants emissions

Elements	Sub-stage	CO₂ (kg/liter-diesel)	CO (kg/liter-diesel)	NO_X (kg/liter-diesel)	MP (kg/liter-diesel)
Ballast	3.1.1	0.866	0.003	0.003	0.0002
	3.1.2	0.866	0.003	0.003	0.0002
	3.1.3	0.866	0.003	0.003	0.0002
	3.1.4	0.75487	0.000111	0.001544	0.000014
	3.1.5	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
	3.1.6	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
	3.1.7	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
Sleeper	3.2.1	1.55	0.00	0.00123	0.016744
	3.2.2	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
	3.2.3	0	0	0	0
	3.2.4	0	0	0	0
	3.2.5	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
	3.2.6	0	0	0	0
	3.2.7	0	0	0	0
Rail	3.3.1	1.55	0	0.00123	0.016744
	3.3.2	3.21	0.0016	0.057	0.0037
	3.3.3	2.7	0.0045	0.0443	0.00162
	3.3.4	0	0	0	0
	3.3.5	0	0	0	0

Element	Sub-stage	Parameter	CO₂	CO	NO_X	MP
Ballast	3.1.1	$e l E x_{i}$ (kg/m³)	0.11060	0.00032	0.00039	0.00003
	3.1.2	$e l T p_{i}$ (kg/m³)	0.06014	0.00018	0.00021	0.00001
	3.1.3	$e l B e_{i}$ (kg/m³)	0.03897	0.00011	0.00014	0.00001
	3.1.4	$e l T f_{i}$ (kg/m³.km)	0.05032	0.00001	0.00010	0.000001
	3.1.5	$e l T t_{i}$ (kg/m³.km)	0.01720	0.00003	0.00028	0.00001
	3.1.6	$e l D_{i}$ (kg/h)	840.186	1.40031	13.78527	0.50411
	3.1.7	$e l S_{i}$ (kg/h)	893.187	1.48864	14.65488	0.535912
Sleeper	3.2.1	$e d P a_{i}$ (kg/un)	106.95	0.00	0.085	1.155
	3.2.2	$e d T p_{i}$ (kg/un.km)	0.00105	0.000002	0.000017	0.0000006
	3.2.3	$e d D f_{i}$ (kg/un)	0	0	0	0
	3.2.4	$e d T f_{i}$ kg/(km.un)	0	0	0	0
	3.2.5	$e d T t_{i}$ (kg/un.km)	0.001213	0.000002	0.00002	0.0000007
	3.2.6	$e d R_{i}$ (kg/h)	0	0	0	0
	3.2.7	$e d I_{i}$ (kg/h)	0	0	0	0
Rail	3.3.1	$e d P t_{i}$ (kg/km)	105,400.00	0.00	83.64	1138.59
	3.3.2	$e d T t a_{i}$ (kg/km_.km)	0.06	0.00003	0.001	0.00007
	3.3.3	$e d T a m_{i}$ (kg/km_.km)	1.29	0.00214	0.02	0.0008
	3.3.4	$e t R_{i}$ (kg/h)	0	0	0	0
	3.3.5	$e t I_{i}$ (kg/h)	0	0	0	0

Element	Phases		Emissions of pollutants – Governador Valadares (kg/km)				Emissions of pollutants – Costa Lacerda (kg/km)
Element	Phases		CO₂	CO	NO_X	MP	CO₂	CO	NO_X	MP
Ballast	1	Production and delivery of materials ( $t e l L K_{i}$ )	1,019.89	1.11	2.54	0.09	1,019.89	1.11	2.54	0.09
	2	Transportation to Governador Valadares ( $t e l T M_{i}$ )	8,833.92	15.41	143.81	5.14	15,576.32	27.17	253.57	9.06
	3	Ballast removal ( $t e D_{i}$ )	3,780.84	6.30	62.03	2.27	3,780.84	6.30	62.03	2.27
	4	Building the ballast ( $t e S_{i}$ )	5,359.12	8.93	87.93	3.22	5,359.12	8.93	87.93	3.22
	Total		18,993.77	31.75	296.31	10.72	25,736.17	43.51	406.07	14.64
Sleeper	1	Production and delivery of materials ( $t e D K_{i}$ )	180,859.64	2.25	162.14	1940.96	180,859.64	2.25	162.14	1940.96
	2	Transportation to maintenance at Governador Valadares ( $t e d T M_{i}$ )	654.15	1.08	10.79	0.38	1,153.42	1.90	19.02	0.66
	3	Sleeper removal ( $t e R D_{i}$ )	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	Installing new sleeper ( $t e I D_{i}$ )	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Total		181,513.79	3.33	172.93	1,941.34	182,013.06	4.15	181.16	1,941.62
Rail	1	Production and delivery of materials ( $t e D K_{i}$ )	212,985.92	1.09	203.71	2,279.73	212,985.92	1.09	203.71	2,279.73
	2	Transportation to maintenance at Governador Valadares ( $t e d T M_{i}$ )	828.18	1.37	12.84	0.51	1,460.28	2.42	22.64	0.91
	3	Rail removal ( $t e R T_{i}$ )	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	4	Installing new rail ( $t e I T_{i}$ )	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Total		213,814.10	2.46	216.55	2,280.24	214,446.20	3.51	226.35	2,280.64
Total emission (ballast, sleeper and rail) of pollutants for maintenance of one kilometer of track.			414,321.66	37.54	685.79	4,232.30	422,195.43	51.17	813.58	4,236.9

Element	Substages		Emissions of pollutants (kg)
Element	Substages		CO₂	CO	NO_X	MP
Ballast	1	Extraction	176.96	0.51	0.62	0.05
	2	Transportation from the quarry to the crusher	96.22	0.29	0.34	0.02
	3	Crushing process	62.35	0.176	0.224	0.02
	4	Transportation from the quarry to the railway storage site	684.35	0.14	1.36	0.01
	Total		1019.88	1.116	2.544	0.1
Sleeper	1	Metallurgic Processes	179,676.00	0	142.8	1,940.4
	2	Transportation of steel profiles from the metallurgic to the sleeper factory	1,183.64	2.25	19.16	0.68
	3	Sleeper production	0	0	0	0
	4	Transportation from the sleeper factory to the railway storage site	0	0	0	0
	Total		180,859.64	2.25	161.96	1,941.08
Rail	1	Metallurgic processes	210,800.00	0	167.28	2,277.18
	2	Transportation from the metallurgic to the rail storage site	2,185.92	1.09	36.43	2.55
	Total		212,985.92	1.09	203.71	2,279.73
Total emission (ballast, sleeper and rail) of phase Production and delivery of one kilometer of track.			394,865.44	4.456	368.214	4,220.91

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, Travessa 2, 128 - 2º andar - Room 231, 05508-900 São Paulo - SP - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: production@editoracubo.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * rodrigo.a.rosa@ufes.br