Towards a contribution to sustainable management of a dairy supply chain

Ferreira, Felipe Ungarato; Robra, Sabine; Ribeiro, Priscilla Cristina Cabral; Gomes, Carlos Francisco Simões; Almeida Neto, José Adolfo de; Rodrigues, Luciano Brito

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.20190019

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Sumário

Thematic Section - Sustainability in Transportation and Logistics • Prod. 30 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20190019 copy

Towards a contribution to sustainable management of a dairy supply chain

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Paper aims

The paper proposes an enhancement to a focal company in the dairy supply chain, in order to support sustainable performance.

Originality

The authors conclude that previous life cycle assessment (LCA) studies did not recommend for dairy supply chain or use this approach to assess the environmental impacts in this chain.

Research method

A cradle-to-gate attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) study performed in a focal company and considering its transport and processing stages, and three scenarios were proposed as suitable.

Main findings

The impacts derive from energy use and transportation of feedstocks, and the use of cleaning products and certain types of packaging materials. A decrease of 46.5% of the impact in the photochemical oxidant formation category was achieved.

Implications for theory and practice

The results can identify the different impacts throughout the dairy chain associated with the main product’s life cycle, and the possibility of mitigating them.

Keywords:
Supply Chain Management; Life cycle assessment; Environmental impacts; Dairy industry

Product	Electricity	Heat	Water	Effluents	Hygiene products	Transport
Product	kWh/kg (%)	MJ/kg (%)	kg/kg (%)	m³/kg (%)	kg/kg (%)	t.km/kg (%)
Pasteurized milk	0.16 (6.90)	2.01 (6.82)	0.98 (6.27)	0.001 (6.25)	0.004 (6.06)	0.03 (6.38)
Cream	0.16 (6.90)	2.01 (6.82)	0.98 (6.27)	0.001 (6.25)	0.004 (6.06)	0.1 (21.28)
Yogurt	0.4 (17.24)	11.4 (38.66)	2.63 (16.84)	0.003 (18.75)	0.011 (16.67)	0.18 (38.30)
Butter	0.96 (41.38)	7.37 (24.99)	1.84 (11.78)	0.002 (12.5)	0.008 (12.12)	0.03 (6.38)
Cheese	0.64 (27.59)	6.7 (22.72)	9.19 (58.83)	0.009 (56.25)	0.039 (59.09)	0.13 (27.66)

INPUTS/OUTPUTS/ DIRECT EMISSIONS	SIMAPRO® PROCESS	DATABASE	QUANTITY	UNIT
Prato cheese	------	------	1	kg
cream	------	------	0.0516	kg
whey	------	------	7.9662	kg
INPUTS
Other Ingredients
- Calcium Chloride	Calcium chloride {GLO}\| market for \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	0.0067	kg
- Salt	Sodium chloride, production mix, at plant, dissolved RER	ELCD	0.0868	kg
Packaging	Packaging film, low density polyethylene {GLO}\| market for \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	0.0154	kg
Thermal Energy (Heat produced by combustion of firewood in a furnace)	Heat, onsite boiler, softwood mill average, NE-NC/MJ/RNA	USLCI	0.1456	MJ
Electricity	Electricity mix, AC, consumption mix, at consumer, < 1kV/BR Mass	Agri-footprint	0.0371	kWh
Water	Tap water {RoW}\| tap water production, underground water without treatment \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	4.3037	kg
Hygiene products
- Alkaline Detergent	Sodium hypochlorite, without water, in 15% solution state {GLO}\| market for \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	0.0031	kg
- Acid Detergent	Hydrogen fluoride {GLO}\| market for \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	0.0023	kg
- Hydrogen Peroxide	Hydrogen peroxide, without water, in 50% solution state {GLO}\| market for \| Alloc Def, S	Ecoinvent 3	0.0002	kg
- Sodium Hydroxide	Sodium hydroxide (50% NaOH), production mix/RER Mass	Agri-footprint	0.0023	kg
OUTPUTS
Solid Residues
- Plastic Residues	Packaging waste, plastic	------	0.0012	kg
- Production Residues	Production waste	------	0.0183	kg
- Ashes	Wood ashes	------	0.1412	kg
- Soot	Soot	------	0.0044	kg
Wastewater	Wastewater	------	6.4421	L
- Milk Cream	Byproduct	------	0.0516	kg
- Whey	Byproduct	------	6.2593	kg
Transports
- Milk Transportation	Transport, single unit truck, diesel powered/US	USLCI	0.0219	t.km
- Other ingredients Transportation	Transport, single unit truck, diesel powered/US	USLCI	0.0129	t.km
- Transport of packaging and hygiene products	Transport, single unit truck, diesel powered/US	USLCI	0.8260	t.km

Impact Category	% reduction compared to S₀
Impact Category	S₁	S₂	S₃
Climate Change	36.49	0.83	37.54
Ozone Depletion	4.01	13.46	13.54
Terrestrial Acidification	35,82	2.28	38.19
Freshwater Eutrophication	1.94	11.46	11.46
Photochemical Oxidant Formation	45.71	0.74	46.49
Particulate Matter Formation	36.35	1.83	38.30
Water Depletion	0.20	1.90	1.90
Fossil Depletion	31.43	0.92	32.51

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