Homophobic conceptions of high school students16

Rondini, Carina Alexandra; Teixeira, Fernando Silva; Toledo, Lívia Gonsalves

doi:10.1590/0103-656420140011

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Psicol. USP 28 (1) • Jan-Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-656420140011 copy

Homophobic conceptions of high school students¹⁶ 16 The research project was approved by a public notice issued in 2007 within the Cooperation Agreement PN-DST/AIDS – SVS/Ministry of Health/IBRD/UNODC (project ad/bra/03/h34 – loan agreement IBRD 4713-BR). The project has been developed through a partnership between the following institutions: the NGO NEPS (Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Sexualidades – “Center for Studies and Researches about Sexualities”) and the Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Sexualidades – GEPS (“Group of Studies and Research on Sexualities”) linked to the Department of Clinical Psychology of UNESP – Assis.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study carried on with 2,159 male and female high school students from three cities in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil. The data obtained by a Likert scale were analyzed by a multivariate statistical technique. Regarding the factor analysis, the method used for extracting the factors was the major component and oblique rotation method, in which the six factors obtained aid to interpreting the possible correlations among the homophobic views presented in items. The study revealed that moderate tolerance for gay, lesbian and transgender people in this young sample is a reality that needs attention of public policies in education targeting strategies for the deconstruction of gender stereotypes and eradication of homophobia, lesbophobia and transphobia among adolescents.

Keywords:
homophobia; school; adolescents; homophobic conceptions; factor analysis

	Item	Content	Loading	Com.^*
Factor 1: Repulsion to social life (α = 0.848) Variance = 25.76	23	I would not like having a lesbian classmate.	0.789	0.584
	24	I would not like having a transvestite classmate.	0.778	0.715
	25	I would not like having a transsexual classmate.	0.770	0.701
	14	I would not like having a lesbian teacher.	0.701	0.500
	15	I would not like having a gay teacher.	0.679	0.589
	12	I would not like having a gay classmate.	0.510	0.471
Factor 2: Internalized homophobia (α = 0.866) Variance = 9.19	21	I am afraid my parents think I am homosexual.	0.947	0.881
	20	I am afraid my friends think I am homosexual.	0.935	0.875
Factor 3: Repulsion to sexual intimacy (α = 0.245) Variance = 8.91	8	I would never have sex with someone whose biological sex is the same as mine.	-0.844	0.748
	22	I would never have kiss/hook up with someone who has the same biological sex as me.	-0.726	0.603
	9	I would never have sex with someone whose biological sex is different than mine.	0.712	0.531
Factor 4: Cordial homophobia (α = 0.687) Variance = 6.98	18	I accept having a gay friend as long as he does not have a feminine behavior.	0.870	0.745
Factor 4: Cordial homophobia (α = 0.687) Variance = 6.98	19	I accept having a lesbian friend as long as he does not have a masculine behavior.	0.865	0.766
Factor 5: Heterosexism (α = 0.408) Variance = 6.21	26	Girls like serious relationships and boys like casual relationships.	0.795	0.660
Factor 5: Heterosexism (α = 0.408) Variance = 6.21	29	Women need to be married and men need a good job.	0.699	0.585
Factor 6: Homosexuality and stigma (α = 0.752) Variance = 5.98	6	Homosexuality is a deviation and needs to be healed	0.758	0.607
	7	Transvestites are mentally-ill and need psychiatric and psychological help	0.720	0.560
	1	Homosexuals are a threat to society	0.639	0.517
	27	I’m in favor of gays and lesbians adopting children	0.637	0.459
	30	I’m against the idea of gays and lesbians living together	0.525	0.509
^Communalities: “proportion of common variance present in a variable” (Field, 2009*Field, A. (2009). Descobrindo a estatística usando SPSS. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed., p. 562).

	Item	Global		Feminine		Masculine		t ^*	P-value	Size of the effect
	Item	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	t ^*	P-value	Size of the effect
Factor 1	23	4.05	1.32	4.12	1.27	3.94	1.37	-3.20	0.001	0.07
	24	3.62	1.52	4.06	1.26	3.03	1.63	-16.04	0.000	0.33
	25	3.66	1.48	4.06	1.26	3.12	1.58	-14.82	0.000	0.30
	14	4.03	1.36	4.02	1.39	4.04	1.33	0.33	0.743	0.01
	15	3.80	1.51	4.21	1.25	3.25	1.65	-14.66	0.000	0.30
	12	4.04	1.37	4.52	1.03	3.41	1.50	-19.22	0.000	0.38
Factor 2	21	4.11	1.43	4.28	1.34	3.88	1.51	-6.33	0.000	0.14
Factor 2	20	4.01	1.43	4.15	1.37	3.82	1.50	-5.17	0.000	0.11
Factor 3	8	1.74	1.32	1.80	1.35	1.65	1.25	-2.71	0.007	0.06
	22	1.91	1.44	2.04	1.49	1.73	1.34	-5.11	0.000	0.11
	9	4.78	0.75	4.80	0.72	4.77	0.77	-0.93	0.353	0.02
Factor 4	18	3.59	1.37	3.65	1.34	3.51	1.40	-2.22	0.026	0.05
Factor 4	19	3.47	1.41	3.76	1.34	3.08	1.42	-11.31	0.000	0.24
Factor 5	26	2.75	1.42	2.47	1.33	3.13	1.46	10.84	0.000	0.23
Factor 5	29	3.06	1.48	3.11	1.51	2.99	1.44	-1.93	0.054	0.04
Factor 6	6	3.70	1.39	3.93	1.31	3.39	1.43	-9.15	0.000	0.19
	7	3.89	1.38	4.18	1.21	3.50	1.50	-11.44	0.000	0.24
	1	4.06	1.23	4.27	1.07	3.77	1.38	-9.11	0.000	0.19
	27	2.79	1.54	3.02	1.53	2.49	1.51	-7.91	0.000	0.17
	30	3.84	1.42	4.08	1.28	3.50	1.52	-9.37	0.000	0.20
^*T-test for equal means

Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721 - Bloco A, sala 202, Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira, 05508-900 São Paulo SP - Brazil - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revpsico@usp.br

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[1] *Corresponding address: carina@assis.unesp.br