Chemical thinning of flowers and fruits of the peach cultivar Coral with hydrogen cyanamide

Raleio químico de flores e frutos de pessegueiro cultivar Coral com cianamida hidrogenada

ABSTRACT:

Chemical treatment is a mean to accomplish fruit thinning; although its efficiency depends on the compound used, application time, and dosage. Effect of the chemical hydrogen cyanamide (CH₂N₂) on the thinning of flowers and fruits of the peach cultivar Coral was assessed in this study. Treatments consisted of five doses of CH₂N₂ (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%) spray application to the point of run-off, at two stages (50% and 100% flowering). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates and one plant per plot. The following parameters were assessed: percentage of flowers thinned at 25 days after spraying, percentage of fruits thinned, fruiting index, production per plant, fruit mass, diameter and length, flesh firmness, soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). Concentrations of 0.6 and 0.8% CH₂N₂application at 50% flowering resulted in thinning 84.4 and 84.7% of the flowers and 0.4% CH₂N₂ at 100% flowering thinned 87.3%, values close to index assessed in manual thinning (88.0%) experiments. The highest production per plant was recorded for treatments with CH₂N₂ application at 50% flowering, resulting from a high percentage of flowers opening after spraying the chemical thinner. As such, flowers opening late were not affected by the chemical, thereby ensuring a higher fruiting index. Peach yield with 50% CH₂N₂ was not significantly different from yield observed for manual treatment, and 0.6% spray was reported to be the optimal dosage. Treatment with 0.6% CH₂N₂ application at 50% flowering was not significantly qualitatively different from manual thinning. CH₂N₂ application is efficient for the thinning of ‘Coral’ peach flowers and fruits.

Key words:
Prunus persica; phytoregulators; fruit size; production