Observed and estimated leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars

Langner, Josana Andreia; Streck, Nereu Augusto; Durigon, Angelica; Silva, Stefanía Dalmolin da; Lago, Isabel; Dalmago, Genei Antonio; Reiniger, Lia Rejane Silveira; Scheffel, Lúcio Gabriel; Poersch, Anderson Haas

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20160775

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CROP PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 48 (01) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160775 copy

Observed and estimated leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars

Emissão de folhas observada e estimada de cultivares crioulas e melhoradas de milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The objective of this study was to compare the simulations of leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars using the CSM-CERES-Maize (linear) and the Wang and Engel models (nonlinear). The coefficients of the models were calibrated using a data set of total leaf number collected in the 11/04/2013 sowing date for the landrace varieties ‘Cinquentinha’ and ‘Bico de Ouro’ and the simple hybrid ‘AS 1573PRO’. For the ‘BRS Planalto’ variety, model coefficients were estimated with data from 12/13/2014 sowing date. Evaluation of the models was with independent data sets collected during the growing seasons of 2013/2014 (Experiment 1) and 2014/2015 (Experiment 2) in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Total number of leaves for both landrace and improved maize varieties was better estimated with the Wang and Engel model, with a root mean square error of 1.0 leaf, while estimations with the CSM-CERES-Maize model had a root mean square error of 1.5 leaf.

Key words:
Zea mays L.; vegetative development; air temperature; sowing time; model

Authorship

Josana Andreia Langner

Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)BrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Nereu Augusto Streck ^*E-mail: nstreck2@yahoo.com.br.*Corresponding author

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)BrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Angelica Durigon

Stefanía Dalmolin da Silva

Isabel Lago

Genei Antonio Dalmago

Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMPRAPA), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMPRAPA)BrazilPasso Fundo, RS, BrazilCentro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMPRAPA), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.

Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger

Lúcio Gabriel Scheffel

Curso de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)BrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilCurso de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Anderson Haas Poersch

Curso de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)BrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilCurso de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

E-mail: nstreck2@yahoo.com.br.^*Corresponding author

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Maximum (Tmax, °C) and minimum (Tmin, °C) daily air temperature during the Experiment 1 (A) and Experiment 2 (B). The horizontal dashed line represents the optimum air temperature (31°C) and the horizontal solid line represents the lower cardinal temperature (8°C) for maize. Grey boxes represent the period of leaf appearance during the Experiment 1 in 08/20/2013, 11/04/2013 (used in the calibration of the cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’) and 02/03/2014, and during the Experiment 2 in 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 (used in the calibration of the cultivar ‘BRS Planalto’) and 01/07/2015.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Evolution of the total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed (open circles) and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES - dashed line) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE - solid line) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’ (A), ‘Bico de Ouro’ (B) and ‘AS 1573PRO’ (C) in the sowing times of 08/20/2013 and 02/03/2014. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Evolution of the total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed (open circles) and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES - dashed line) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE - solid line) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’ (A), ‘Bico de Ouro’ (B), ‘BRS Planalto’ (C) and ‘AS 1573PRO’ (D) in the sowing times of 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 and 01/07/2015. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES) (A) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE) (B) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’, ‘BRS Planalto’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’ in the five sowing times used as independent data sets (08/20/2013, 02/03/2014, 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 and 01/07/2015). The solid black line is the line 1:1. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; NRMSE: Normalized Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index; r: correlation coefficient.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Phyllochron (°C day leaf^-1) and maximum leaf appearance rate (LARmax, leaf day^-1) of the cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’, ‘BRS Planalto’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’.Values between parentheses are the average standard deviations.

Figure 1 Maximum (Tmax, °C) and minimum (Tmin, °C) daily air temperature during the Experiment 1 (A) and Experiment 2 (B). The horizontal dashed line represents the optimum air temperature (31°C) and the horizontal solid line represents the lower cardinal temperature (8°C) for maize. Grey boxes represent the period of leaf appearance during the Experiment 1 in 08/20/2013, 11/04/2013 (used in the calibration of the cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’) and 02/03/2014, and during the Experiment 2 in 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 (used in the calibration of the cultivar ‘BRS Planalto’) and 01/07/2015.

Figure 2 Evolution of the total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed (open circles) and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES - dashed line) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE - solid line) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’ (A), ‘Bico de Ouro’ (B) and ‘AS 1573PRO’ (C) in the sowing times of 08/20/2013 and 02/03/2014. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index.

Figure 3 Evolution of the total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed (open circles) and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES - dashed line) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE - solid line) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’ (A), ‘Bico de Ouro’ (B), ‘BRS Planalto’ (C) and ‘AS 1573PRO’ (D) in the sowing times of 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 and 01/07/2015. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index.

Figure 4 Total leaf number (TLN, leaf pl^-1) observed and simulated by CSM-CERES-Maize model (CERES) (A) and by the Wang and Engel model (WE) (B) for the maize cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’, ‘BRS Planalto’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’ in the five sowing times used as independent data sets (08/20/2013, 02/03/2014, 08/15/2014, 12/13/2014 and 01/07/2015). The solid black line is the line 1:1. Residue (TLN simulated minus TLN observed) versus TLN observed in each sowing times is presented in the insertions of each panel. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; NRMSE: Normalized Root Mean Square Error; BIAS: BIAS index; r: correlation coefficient.

Table 1 Phyllochron (°C day leaf^-1) and maximum leaf appearance rate (LARmax, leaf day^-1) of the cultivars ‘Cinquentinha’, ‘Bico de Ouro’, ‘BRS Planalto’ and ‘AS 1573PRO’.Values between parentheses are the average standard deviations.

Cultivar	Phyllochron (°C day leaf^-1)	LARmax (leaf day^-1)
‘Cinquentinha’	43.1 (± 1.4)^ns	0.587 (± 0.016)^ns
‘Bico de Ouro’	41.9 (± 1.1)	0.616 (± 0.024)
‘BRS Planalto’	40.0 (± 1.3)	0.618 (± 0.012)
‘AS 1573PRO’	41.8 (± 1.6)	0.602 (± 0.027)
CV (%)	3.24	3.32

^nsnot significant by Tukey’s Test at 5% probability; CV = coefficient of variation.

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: nstreck2@yahoo.com.br.^*Corresponding author