Post-weaning feeding levels on feeding behavior, growth and development in Holstein dairy heifers

Quintana, Emanuel De La; Mendoza, Alejandro; Cajarville, Cecilia; Bentancur, Oscar; Repetto, José Luis

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20161083

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 48 (03) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20161083 copy

Post-weaning feeding levels on feeding behavior, growth and development in Holstein dairy heifers

Efeito dos níveis de alimentação pós-desmame sobre o comportamento ingestivo, crescimento e desenvolvimento em novilhas leiteiras da raça Holandês

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

To study the effect of post-weaning feeding levels on the growth of dairy heifers, 40 animals with 77.7 ± 8.1 days of age and 77.5 ± 9.2kg of body weight were grouped in 10 pens, and each pen was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments for 120 days: feeding level to achieve a body weight gain of 600 (TMEDIUM) or 800 (THIGH) g/day based on a total mixed ration. After this period all heifers were managed as a single group for 150 days. Nutrient intake, behavior, body weight and other morphological measures were recorded in each animal. As a result of the experimental design THIGH heifers had a higher nutrient intake than TMEDIUM heifers, which was reflected in a higher daily weight gain, withers height, heart girth and hip width. However, treatments had no effect on these traits during the residual period.

Key words:
heifer; feeding level; growth

	TMR	Pasture	Haylage	Concentrate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Ingredients of TMR--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corn silage	30.9	-	-	-
Alfalfa hay	24.1	-	-	-
Solvent-extracted soybean meal	30.6	-	-	-
Ground corn grain	10.8	-	-	-
Sodium bicarbonate	1.4	-	-	-
Magnesium oxide	0.5	-	-	-
Dicalcium phosphate	0.3	-	-	-
Vitamin-mineral mix¹	1.4	-	-	-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------Nutrient composition-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dry matter, % of as fed	55.5	22.6	53.6	90.1
Organic matter	90.9	90.7	88.4	93.6
Crude protein	20.9	20.2	15.0	17.1
Neutral detergent fiber	42.8	53.6	51.7	24.8
Acid detergent fiber	27.1	36.4	64.8	12.0
Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg	2.51	2.16	1.94	2.98

	TMEDIUM	THIGH	SEM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Day 60----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DM, kg/d	2.79 a	3.79 b	0.118
CP, kg/d	0.61 x	0.87 y	0.076
NDF, kg/d	1.12 a	1.52 b	0.036
ADF, kg/d	0.71 a	0.96 b	0.023
ME, kg/d	6.85 a	9.68 b	0.372
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Day 120---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DM, kg/d	2.82 a	4.39 b	0.020
CP, kg/d	0.64 a	0.94 b	0.069
NDF, kg/d	1.30 a	2.01 b	0.087
ADF, kg/d	0.83 a	1.29 b	0.056
ME, kg/d	7.15 a	10.65 b	0.336

	TMEDIUM	THIGH	SEM		P>F
				Treat	Hour	Treat x hour
Day 60
Eating	0.297	0.463	0.057	0.08	<0.01	0.14
Ruminating	0.042	0.038	0.018	0.88	<0.01	0.14
Resting standing	0.146	0.119	0.026	0.49	<0.01	0.70
Resting lying	0.161	0.129	0.044	0.62	<0.01	0.99
Others	0.087	0.076	0.014	0.59	0.02	0.19
Rate of intake, kg DM/2h	1.19 a	1.59 b	0.112	0.03	<0.01	0.93
Day 120
Eating	0.090	0.242	0.067	0.06	<0.01	0.42
Ruminating	0.029	0.001	0.025	0.91	<0.01	0.73
Resting standing	0.264	0.159	0.059	0.24	<0.01	0.04
Resting lying	0.131	0.067	0.032	0.12	<0.01	0.14
Others	0.129	0.127	0.016	0.93	<0.01	0.06
Rate of intake, kg DM/2h	1.27	1.97	0.048	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

	TMEDIUM	THIGH	SEM	--------------------------------P>F--------------------------------
				Treat	Day	Treat x day
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Period I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------				Treat	Day	Treat x day
Weight	118.9	130.7	1.46	0.79	<0.01	<0.01
Withers height	96.8	98.0	0.39	0.88	<0.01	<0.01
Hips height	101.3	101.9	0.56	0.86	<0.01	0.47
Heart girth	115.8	119.0	0.59	0.30	<0.01	<0.01
Hips width	26.2	27.1	0.21	0.61	<0.01	0.02
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Period II---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight	213.2	234.1	3.94	0.03	<0.01	0.60
Withers height	112.5	114.6	0.61	<0.01	<0.01	0.06
Hips height	118.2	120.1	0.96	0.29	<0.01	0.82
Heart girth	140.4	144.9	0.83	<0.01	<0.01	0.18
Hip width	33.1	34.7	0.34	0.11	<0.01	0.80

	-------------------------TMEDIUM-------------------------			-----------------------------THIGH-----------------------------
	Intercept	β1	Intercept	β1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Period I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight, kg	82.0 (2.0)	0.597 (0.021)	81.3 (2.0)	0.799 (0.021)
Withers height, cm	88.0 (0.5)	0.148 (0.006)	87.9 (0.5)	0.171 (0.006)
Hips height, cm	91.8 (0.7)	0.163 (0.007)	92.0 (0.7)	0.170 (0.007)
Hips width, cm	22.4 (0.3)	0.065 (0.003)	22.6 (0.3)	0.077 (0.003)
Heart girth, cm	102.8 (0.8)	0.220 (0.008)	104.0 (0.8)	0.255 (0.008)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Period II----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight, kg	151.8 (3.6)	0.789 (0.036)	174.2 (4.0)	0.763 (0.036)
Withers height, cm	106.3 (0.9)	0.087 (0.006)	109.6 (1.1)	0.070 (0.006)
Hips height, cm	111.3 (0.9)	0.094 (0.006)	113.2 (1.2)	0.093 (0.006)
Hips width, cm	30.1 (0.4)	0.042 (0.003)	31.7 (0.5)	0.043 (0.003)
Heart girth, cm	127.2 (1.0)	0.185 (0.007)	132.7 (1.4)	0.171 (0.007)

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] E-mail: amendoza@inia.org.uy. ^*Corresponding author.