Species |
Reference values (mmHg) |
Authors |
American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) (OD)1
|
10.9±1.8 |
MOLTER et al. (2014MOLTER, C.M. et al. Intraocular pressure in captive american flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) as measured by rebound tonometry. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.45, n.3, p.664-67, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0123R1.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 15, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0123R1.1...
) |
American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) (OS)2
|
11.1±2.3 |
MOLTER et al. (2014MOLTER, C.M. et al. Intraocular pressure in captive american flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) as measured by rebound tonometry. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.45, n.3, p.664-67, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0123R1.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 15, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0123R1.1...
) |
American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) |
9.5±1.7 |
MEEKINS et al. (2015MEEKINS, J.M. et al. Ophthalmic diagnostic tests and ocular findings in a flock of captive american flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.29, v.2, p.95-105, 2015. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2014-021
>. Accessed: Feb. 23, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2014-021. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2014-...
) |
American kestrel (Falco sparverius) |
6.8±1.7 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Barn owl (Tyto alba) |
10.8±3.8 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Barred owl (Strix varia) |
8.3±3.2 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (OD)1
|
30.41±4.27 |
MERCADO et al. (2010MERCADO, J.A. et al. Intraocular pressure in captive black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) measured by rebound tonometry. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v.24, n.2, p.138-41, 2010. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-002.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 15, 2017. doi:10.1647/2009-002.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (OS)2
|
28.13±6.84 |
MERCADO et al. (2010MERCADO, J.A. et al. Intraocular pressure in captive black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) measured by rebound tonometry. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v.24, n.2, p.138-41, 2010. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-002.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 15, 2017. doi:10.1647/2009-002.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) |
11.49±0.22 |
FALCÃO et al. (2017aFALCÃO, M.S.A. et al. Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v.37, n.4, p.389-94, 2017a. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400014
>. Accessed: Feb. 10, 2018. doi: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400014. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x201700...
) |
Blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) |
7.71±0.083
|
FALCÃO et al. (2017aFALCÃO, M.S.A. et al. Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v.37, n.4, p.389-94, 2017a. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400014
>. Accessed: Feb. 10, 2018. doi: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400014. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x201700...
) |
Blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva) |
6.4±0.1 |
FALCÃO et al. (2017bFALCÃO, M.S.A. et al. Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, v.37, n.8, p.871-73, 2017b. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800015
>. Accessed: Feb. 10, 2018. doi: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800015. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x201700...
) |
Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) |
26.9±7.0 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) |
9.8±2.5 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) |
10.7±1.4 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia) |
6.1±0.9 |
MOOD et al. (2016MOOD, A. et al. Measurement of intraocular pressure in the domestic pigeon (Columbia livia). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.47, n.3, p.935-38, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/full/10.1638/2015-0102.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1638/2015-0102.1. https://bioone.org/doi/full/10.1638/201...
) |
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia) |
11.7±1.6 |
PARK et al. (2017)PARK, S. et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and tonometry in ophthalmologically normal pigeon eyes. Veterinary Ophthalmology , v.20, n.5, p.468-471, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12450
>. Accessed: Jan. 10, 2018. doi: 10.1111/vop.12450. https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12450...
|
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) |
10.2±2.23
|
MOOD et al. (2017MOOD, A. et al. Measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in ducks and geese. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.20, n.1, p.53-57, 2017. Available from: < Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vop.12351/pdf
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/vop.12351. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1...
) |
Eastern-screech-owl (Megascops asio) |
9±1.8 |
HARRIS et al. (2008HARRIS, M.C. et al. Ophthalmic examination findings in a colony of Screech owls (Megascops asio). Veterinary ophthalmology, v.11, n.3, p.186-92, 2008. Available from: < Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00618.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00618.x. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2...
) |
Eastern-screech-owl (Megascops asio) |
6.3±1.3 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) |
10.45±1.64 |
JEONG et al. (2007JEONG, M. et al. Comparison of the rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) with the applanation tonometer (TonoPen XL®) in normal eurasian eagle owls (Bubo bubo).” Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.10, n.6, p.376-79, 2007. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00573.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00573.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007...
) |
Eurasian sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus) |
15.5±2.5 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Goose (Anser anser) |
9.1±2.04
|
MOOD et al. (2017MOOD, A. et al. Measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in ducks and geese. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.20, n.1, p.53-57, 2017. Available from: < Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vop.12351/pdf
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/vop.12351. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1...
) |
Great grey owl (Strix nebulosa) |
9.6±2.6 |
WILLS et al. (2016WILLS, S. et al. Ophthalmic reference values and lesions in two captive populations of northern owls: great grey owls (Strix nebulosa) and snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.47, n.1, p.244-55, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0009.1
>. Accessed: Jan. 31, 2017. doi: 10.1638/2015-0009.1. https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0009.1...
) |
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) |
9.9±2.2 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Long-eared owl (Asio otus) |
7.8±3.2 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) |
18.3±3.8 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
12.7±5.8 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Red kite (Milvus milvus) |
13.0±5.5 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) |
19.8±4.9 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
Snowy owl (Bulbo scandiacus) |
9.1±1.9 |
WILLS et al. (2016WILLS, S. et al. Ophthalmic reference values and lesions in two captive populations of northern owls: great grey owls (Strix nebulosa) and snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.47, n.1, p.244-55, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0009.1
>. Accessed: Jan. 31, 2017. doi: 10.1638/2015-0009.1. https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0009.1...
) |
Tawny owl (Strix aluco) |
9.4±4.1 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |
Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) |
11.7±1.0 |
LABELLE et al. (2012LABELLE, A.L. et al. Clinical utility of a complete diagnostic protocol for the ocular evaluation of free living raptors. Veterinary Ophthalmology, v.15, n.1, p.5-17, 2012. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x
>. Accessed: Jan. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.201...
) |
White-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) |
26.9±5.8 |
REUTER et al. (2011REUTER, A. et al. Reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, n.25, v.3, p.165-72, 2011. Available from: < Available from: https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-056.1
>. Accessed: Feb. 27, 2017. doi: 10.1647/2009-056.1. https://bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2009-...
) |