Hematology and serum biochemistry of broilers at the initial and growth stages submitted to different levels of digestible sulfur amino acids

Carvalho, Genilson Bezerra de; Martins, Poliana Carneiro; Rezende, Pedro Moraes; Santos, Januária Silva; Oliveira, Evelyn de; Trentin, Thays de Campos; Martins, Danieli Brolo; Stringhini, José Henrique; Café, Marcos Barcellos

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180881

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 50 (5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180881 copy

Hematology and serum biochemistry of broilers at the initial and growth stages submitted to different levels of digestible sulfur amino acids

Hematologia e bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte submetidos a diferentes níveis de aminoácidos sulfurados digestíveis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of digestible methionine and cystine (Met + Cys) levels on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens during the initial and growth stages. For this, 1,800 male chicks of the Coob 500 strain were used, with 900 chicks in the initial phase (1 to 21 days old) and 900 chicks in the growth phase (22 to 42 days old), distributed in a completely randomized design of five treatments with six replicates of 30 birds. The treatments consisted of 0.545, 0.616, 0.711, 0.782, and 0.853%; and 0.514, 0.571, 0.647, 0.704, and 0.761% digestible Met + Cys for “1 to 21” and “22 to 42” days of breeding, respectively. Results showed that digestible Met + Cys levels in broiler feed altered some hematological parameters (erythrocyte, hematocrit hemoglobin, total leukocytes, heterophile: lymphocyte) and serum biochemistry (uric acid, PST, total LDL, and TG). The digestible Met + Cys levels in the diet of broilers affected the hematological parameters and serum biochemistry, especially at higher levels. From the inclusion level 0.761 of Met + Cist in the broiler diet, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit changes begin to appear.

Key words:
amino acid metabolism; cysteine; methionine; immune system; poultry

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: ge.nilson.bezerra@hotmail.com^*Corresponding author

Ingredients (%)	Initial phase	Growth phase
	(1 to 21 days)	(22 to 42 days)
Maize (%)	63.12	64.69
Soybean meal 45.5% (%)	28.38	24.56
Meat and bone meal 44% (%)	3.20	2.60
Poultry viscera meal (%)	2.00	2.67
Poultry fat (%)	1.33	3.81
Salt (%)	0.40	0.24
Calcitic limestone 37% (%)	0.62	0.65
DL-Methionine 99% (%)	0.00	0.00
L-lisina 70% (%)	0.40	0.34
L-Threonine 98% (%)	0.10	0.07
Choline 75% (%)	0.06	0.03
Vitamin supplement² (%)	0.05	0.05
Mineral supplement¹ (%)	0.05	0.05
Inert (%)	0.29	0.24
Total (%)	100.0	100.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------Calculated composition----------------------------------------------------------------
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	3109	3300
Crude protein (%)	21.803	21.217
Calcium (%)	0.952	0.952
Available phosphorus (%)	0.451	0.421
Digestible methionine (%)	0.675	0.526
Digestible methionine + cystine (%)	0.545	0.514
Digestible lysine (%)	1.190	1.058
Digestible threonine (%)	0.749	0.667
Sodium (%)	0.201	0.190
Chlorine (%)	1.598	1.399

Met + Cys %	Red blood cells (x10⁶)	Hemoglobin (g/dL)	Hematocrit (%)	MCV (fL)	MCHC (%)	TPP (g/dL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 days------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	2.045	7.017 ^a	31.333	154.082	22.370	2.833
0.616	1.967	6.143^b	30.571	158.676	20.193	2.533
0.711	2.417	6.660^a	32.000	132.228	20.798	3.000
0.782	2.068	6.233^b	30.500	149.283	20.415	2.800
0.853	2.136	5.983^b	31.000	140.797	19.393	2.880
CV%	12.42	9.59	6.96	16.07	8.72	9.79
P	0.191	0.044	0.770	0.359	0.092	0.101
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 days-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	2.107 ^a	7.425^a	30.167 ^a	143.580	24.648	4.000
0.571	2.202 ^a	7.980^a	31.728^a	143.573	24.653	4.200
0.647	2.158 ^a	7.528^a	31.000^a	143.226	24.590	4.333
0.704	2.140 ^a	7.402^a	30.600^a	142.690	24.700	3.880
0.761	2.498 ^b	8.810^b	35.667 ^b	143.540	24.616	4.300
CV%	8.99	9.91	9.29	0.35	0.41	10.86
P	0.012	0.015	0.017	0.085	0.615	0.404

Met + Cys %	Total leukocytes (x10³)	H/L	Lymphocytes	Heterophiles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 days---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	13500.000	1.037 ^a	6168.333	4788.400
0.616	9714.286	0.562 ^b	5778.571	3214.286
0.711	13000.000	0.780 ^a	6944.000	5316.000
0.782	11666.667	0.462 ^b	7136.667	3690.000
0.853	9800.000	0.545 ^b	7765.000	2798.000
CV%	31.28	39.78	45.24	44.78
P	0.315	0.009	0.786	0.138
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	23000.00 ^a	1.192	9188.250	10418.167
0.571	13900.00 ^b	1.552	5426.833	7778.333
0.647	14600.00 ^b	1.315	6976.400	8520.333
0.704	14600.00 ^b	1.836	4358.000	8286.000
0.761	11200.00 ^b	1.143	5654.167	4757.500
CV%	28.74	48.46	40.05	38.89
P	0.002	0.437	0.072	0.059

Variable	---------------------------------------------------------Met + Cys levels (%)---------------------------------------------------
Thrombocytes	------------------------------------------------------21 days--------------------------------------------------
	Basal	0.616	0.711	0.782	0.853	CV%	P
	30500	31857	45000	33000	36500	32.88	0.269
	-------------------------------------------------------42 days--------------------------------------------------
	Basal	0.571	0.647	0.704	0.761	CV%	P
	39000	36000	37000	43000	42000	22.07	0.505

Met+ Cys %	UA (mg/dL)	ALB (g/dL)	AST (UI/L)	TSP (g/dL)	CHOL (mg/dL)	HDL (mg/dL)	LDL (mg/dL)	TG (mg/dL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 days-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	2.585 ^b	1.103 ^b	210.950	2.047 ^c	104.667 ^b	89.217	9.040 ^b	25.000 ^b
0.616	2.737 ^b	1.360 ^a	215.517	2.678 ^b	117.000 ^b	100.717	11.083 ^b	26.000 ^b
0.711	4.187 ^a	1.423 ^a	232.717	2.755 ^b	127.000 ^a	104.650	13.020 ^a	36.667 ^a
0.782	4.857 ^a	1.352 ^a	249.740	3.297 ^a	136.333 ^a	113.950	15.350 ^a	33.400 ^a
0.853	4.697 ^a	1.370 ^a	231.367	3.010 ^a	126.167 ^a	106.950	10.400 ^b	34.500 ^a
CV%	42.61	7.91	12.61	12.63	13.16	12.77	24.68	11.03
P	0.056	<0.001	0.267	<0.001	0.026	0.043	0.016	<0.001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 days----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basal	2.642	1.390	524.867	3.238 ^c	108.667	91.283	10.450	34.667
0.571	2.282	1.390	509.450	3.377 ^c	123.000	97.983	16.950	40.333
0.647	2.866	1.458	713.933	4.508 ^a	121.167	88.317	22.183	48.000
0.704	3.324	1.366	720.440	3.792^b	115.400	89.580	16.780	45.200
0.761	3.347	1.447	540.540	4.296 ^a	130.500	100.700	21.800	37.000
CV%	31.13	7.73	31.51	6.34	11.86	14.06	42.50	20.00
P	0.280	0.611	0.172	<0.001	0.130	0.425	0.077	0.094