Adaptation and Factorial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Scale

Andrade, Claudia

doi:10.1590/1982-43272663201602

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Articles • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 26 (63) • Jan-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272663201602 copy

Adaptation and Factorial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Scale ^* * This article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the author, which was defended in 2007, at the Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação of the Universidade do Porto.

Adaptação e Validação Fatorial da Escala de Atitudes Relativas aos Papéis de Gênero

Adaptación y Validación Factorial da Escala de Actitudes Relativas a Roles de Género

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Attitudes toward gender roles result from a social construction process that has implications for the accepted gender role models for men and women. This study aims at the adaptation and factorial validation of a measurement scale for attitudes toward gender roles. The sample consisted of 746 college students and young professionals. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to check the scale's structure. A two-factor structure was found for the Attitudes toward Gender Roles Scale: the first factor reflects a traditional division of gender roles, and the second factor reflects an egalitarian division of gender roles. A preliminary study using the scale was conducted on 101 families with adult children (each family included a father, a mother, and an adult child with a university degree). The results revealed the importance of the scale in assessing the attitudes of different generations toward gender roles.

Keywords
attitudes; gender; factor analysis

Items in the P.A.T.G.S.	Factor 1	Factor 2	h2
2. The man should have the main responsibility for the family's economic support.	.64	-.26	.49
3. The use of profane language is worse for a girl than for a boy.	.64	-.17	.44
23. Women should worry more about their clothing and appearance than men should.	.63	-.10	.42
1. It is more appropriate for a woman to be a babysitter or a child educator than it is for a man to fill these roles.	.62	-.15	.41
21. It is harder for a woman to find a job than it is for a man to find a job.	.57	-.14	.34
17. Some jobs are not suitable for women.	.54	-.37	.33
7. The man should pay the bill when he is on a date with a woman.	.53	-.15	.30
6. Only men should be allowed to participate in military combat.	.49	-.23	.30
4. Women are very easily offended by certain jokes.	.48	.33	.34
18. Girls should have more boundaries when going out than boys should.	.47	.03	.42
19. In the workforce, women are taking jobs away from men who need them more.	.45	.14	.39
15. It is wrong for boys to play with dolls.	.43	.21	.32
25. When both parents are employed and their child gets sick at school, the mother must be called first, and only later is the father called.	.34	.23	.31
13. It should be equally acceptable for a woman and for a man to stay at home to take care of the children while the other spouse works.	-.32	.01	.21
9. It should be equally acceptable for girls and boys to practice rough sports such as roller hockey and soccer.	-.32	.21	.32
20. When men are courteous to women (such as when they open a door), it is a sign that men are superior to women.	-.35	.56	.44
10. It is acceptable when the woman takes the initiative to start a romantic relationship with a man.	-.09	.45	.28
22. Men and women should be able to make choices about their lives without being restricted by their sex.	-.28	.51	.34
8. Sexual harassment in the workplace is a serious issue.	-. 02	.50	.25
12. Discrimination against women in the workforce is no longer an issue.	-.19	.31	.13
24. Crying in front of other people is equally acceptable for men and women.	.22	.31	.33
16. The woman needs to be careful to not appear more intelligent than the man when they are dating.	-.19	-.31	.13
19. In the workforce, women are taking jobs away from men who need them more.	.22	.30	.33
% of the total variance	16.0	15.0
Eigenvalue	3.764	3.764

	Children		Parents
	Men M (SD)	Women M (SD)	Men M (SD)	Women M (SD)
Traditional Division of Gender Roles	37.86 (4.15)	32.08 (4.23)	33.14 (6.04)	33.67 (6.46)
Egalitarian Division of Gender Roles	16.23 (2.58)	16.73 (2.39)	13.77 (2.36)	13.50 (2.58)

	g.l.	F	p	Scheffé
Traditional Division of Gender Roles	3	5.678	.000	G3, G4 > G1 > G2
Egalitarian Division of Gender Roles	3	2.645	.000	G2 >, G1 > G3, G4

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] ²Correspondence address: Claudia Andrade. Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra. Rua D. João III, Solum, 3030-329. Coimbra, Portugal. mcandrade@esec.pt

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Adaptation and Factorial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Scale * * This article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the author, which was defended in 2007, at the Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação of the Universidade do Porto.

Adaptação e Validação Fatorial da Escala de Atitudes Relativas aos Papéis de Gênero

Adaptación y Validación Factorial da Escala de Actitudes Relativas a Roles de Género

Abstract

Adaptation and Factorial Validation of the Attitudes Toward Gender Roles Scale ^* * This article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the author, which was defended in 2007, at the Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação of the Universidade do Porto.